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Chapter 7

Chapter 7. Drugs. Objectives. Classify the types of illicit drugs and give examples of the different schedule drugs. Know the different classes of illicit drugs and give examples of each class. Drugs and Crime.

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Chapter 7

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  1. Chapter 7 Drugs

  2. Objectives • Classify the types of illicit drugs and give examples of the different schedule drugs. • Know the different classes of illicit drugs and give examples of each class.

  3. Drugs and Crime • A drug is a natural or synthetic substance designed to affect the subject psychologically or physiologically. • “Controlled substances” are drugs that are restricted by law. • The Controlled Substances Act is a law that was enacted in 1970; it lists illegal drugs, their categories, and penalties for possession, sale, or use.

  4. Controlled Substances Act • Schedule I—high potential for abuse; no currently accepted medical use in the U.S.; a lack of accepted safety for use under medical supervision • Examples: heroin (diacetylmorphine), LSD, marijuana, ecstasy (MDMA) • Schedule II—high potential for abuse; a currently accepted medical use with severe restrictions; abuse may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence • Examples: cocaine, morphine, amphetamines (including methamphetamines), PCP, Ritalin

  5. Controlled Substances Act, continued • Schedule III—lower potential for abuse than the drugs in I or II; a currently accepted medical use in the U.S.; abuse may lead to moderate physical dependence or high psychological dependence • Examples: intermediate-acting barbiturates, anabolic steroids, ketamine • Schedule IV—low potential for abuse relative to drugs in III; a currently accepted medical use in the U.S.; abuse may lead to limited physical or psychological dependence relative to drugs in III • Examples: stimulants and depressants including Valium, Xanax, Librium, phenobarbital, Darvon

  6. Controlled Substances Act, continued • Schedule V—low potential for abuse relative to drugs in IV; currently accepted medical use in the U.S.; abuse may lead to limited physical or psychological dependence relative to drugs in IV • Examples: codeine found in low doses in cough medicines

  7. Classification of illicit drugs • Hallucinogens are mostly naturally occurring that can alter thought processes, perceptions and moods. • Examples – marijuana, LSD, PCP, MDMA, and Ketamine. • Stimulants act on the central nervous system and increase energy and alertness while decreasing appetite and fatigue. • Examples – Caffeine, amphetamines, cocaine, and methamphetamines.

  8. Classification of illicit drugs cont. • Narcotics are analgesics that affect the central nervous system to relieve pain. • Examples – Aspirin, Tylenol, Opium, morphine, heroine, and codeine. Includes synthetic narcotics such as methadone, and designer drugs. • Depressants are used to reduce excitability or anxiety. • Examples – Barbiturates, oxycodone, and Percocet.

  9. Illicit Drug use 2006

  10. So where does the drug problem exist? • A 2013 article in the Boston Globe states that of the 286 US hospitals 51% of medical patients were prescribed opioids – morphine, oxycodone, and fentanyl. • Why might this be problematic? • These drugs are considered highly addictive. • The patients that were given these drugs were more likely to overdose or have an adverse event (29%). • Overdose from painkillers exceeds those caused by heroine and cocaine combined.

  11. Types of drug testing

  12. How do drug treatment programs compare to the criminal justice system? • When we did our Internet Drug Lab, you were asked what you thought was the most effective and the least effective treatment programs. • The programs discussed were Behavior and Residential Programs, and treatment within the Criminal Justice System. • Most of you think the Criminal Justice System is the most effective in preventing an offender's return to criminal behavior.

  13. What type of criminals are in our jails?

  14. Who uses drugs and who get imprisoned for using them?

  15. Do treatment programs in prison reduce recidivism? • Lots of variables here, but if a person finishes the program, a tentative yes from the research I’ve seen.

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