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Understanding the Ozone Hole: Causes, Effects, and Global Actions

The ozone layer, composed of stratospheric ozone (O3), is crucial for absorbing harmful UV radiation from the sun. This layer naturally forms and protects life on Earth from UV-induced mutations and health issues like skin cancer. However, human-made chemicals, particularly chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), have led to the depletion of ozone, resulting in the ozone hole. Established in the 1970s, the connection between CFCs and ozone depletion prompted the 1987 Montreal Protocol, which successfully aimed to reduce CFC emissions and protect the ozone layer for future generations.

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Understanding the Ozone Hole: Causes, Effects, and Global Actions

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  1. The Ozone Hole

  2. Source: NASA, 2010

  3. The Vertical Thermal Structure of the Atmosphere OZONOSPHERE

  4. Ozone forms naturally in stratosphere UV radiation (sun) --> mutations plankton reduced (food chain base), crops decline weaker immune systems, skin cancer Stratospheric ozone (O3) absorbs UV rays light  O2 2 O then O + O2  O3 UV rays  O3 O2 + O

  5. The Importance of Stratospheric Ozone CFC’s link to ozone hole established in 1970s Chloroflourocarbons (refrigerants, aerosols) one Cl can decompose more than 100,000 O3 Cl2 + light ---> 2 Cl Cl + O3 ---> ClO + O2 ClO + O = Cl + O2

  6. September 2009

  7. September 2010

  8. NASA’s Exploring Ozone

  9. The Importance of Stratospheric Ozone What has been done? Montreal Protocol, 1987: U.N. agreement on ban up to 10 years for rising CFC gases to reach stratosphere; once in the stratosphere, CFC’s can last up to 50-100 years NASA’s Ozone Hole Site

  10. Key Points Ozone Hole caused by CFCs Ozone protects life from UV rays CFCs destroy ozone in stratosphere UV radiation weakens plants and kills phytoplankton has little effect on temperature Montreal Protocol, 1987 outlawed production of CFCs

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