1. Emissions and Modeling Volker Matthias and WP5 members

2. Tasks • Monitoring and simulation of pollutant generation and spread – create an updated emission inventory • Translate emissions into concentrations by numerical modeling • Show case: modeling and simulation of air quality in a harbour region • Development of an implementation strategy for clean shipping technology

3. Vessel movement data Basic vessel data Route Emission factor [g/kWh] Time spent in grid box Ship emissions per grid box Land based emissions Chemical transport modeling Deposition and concentration distribution Departure and arrival places and dates for a complete year Year of construction Engine type Fuel type Power Ship Emissions … Ship emissions inventory Available at HZG

4. Available inventories:Helmholtz-Zentrum: year 2000 +23 % NOx from ships NOx in summer

5. Available inventories:more recent: DCMR year 2008 Based on AIS data Number and type of ships in 13 ship and 8 size classes Observations in 6 min intervals Individual ship characteristics from a ship data base Grid resolution: 0.5 x 0.5 km2, 5 x 5 km2 Emission factors from literature (TNO)

6. Emission map (DCMR inventory) NOx in January

7. Revision of emission factors • Dependence on • engine type • speed • type of operations • fuel type • abatement technologies • Very important in harbour regions (manoeuvring) Calculation of variable emission factors: U Newcastle

8. Measurements aboard ships (GL) • Three ship types: • Cruise ship, container ship, feeder • Species: • NOx, CO, CO2, SO2, Hydrocarbons • Different operation modes: • Manoeuvring, slow speed, normal speed • Different engines and fuels: • Main and aux. engines, marine diesel and heavy fuel oil

9. Concentration maps – sea going ships Results for 2000 by HZG

10. NOx share in the Rijnmond area by DCMR

11. Show cases Application of model systems from HZG and DCMR in 2-4 regions First priority: Rotterdam, Hamburg Second priority: Bergen, Gothenburg Comparison to observations of concentrations necessary

12. Emission Scenarios • What-if-questions • Reduction of emissions and concentrations due to the implementation of: • Onshore power supply • Use of LNG • SECA (0.1 %S) • NECA • Abatement technologies (e.g. SCR) • Changes in ship operations (e.g. slow steaming) • …

13. Implementation Which measures will give the highest benefit in air quality improvements? Which measures have a good cost/benefit ratio? Which measures have a good chance to be implemented? What can be done to support the implementation of efficient ways to reduce air pollution?

14. Summary Detailed ship emission inventories are available for the North Sea and the Rijnmond area A new inventory will be built up to cover other regions Emission factors will be updated and checked by on-board observations Show case regions are defined, air quality observations are collected Scenarios are defined in cooperation with WP3 and WP4

15. Lead beneficiary