ME444 ENGINEERING PIPING SYSTEM DESIGN

1. ME444 ENGINEERING PIPING SYSTEM DESIGN CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

2. TENTATIVE SCHEDULE • BEFORE MIDTERM: THEORY OF FLOW IN PIPE, PIPE SIZING, PIPING MATERIALS, PUMP SELECTION • AFTER MIDTERM: DESIGN OF VARIOUS PIPING SYSTEMS FOR BUILDINGS AND INDUSTRIES Web: http://dulyachot.me.engr.tu.ac.th/me444

3. CONTENTS • INTRODUCTION • STANDARDS • BASIC UNITS • BASIC FLOW IN PIPE • QUICK LOOK AT PIPE DRAWINGS

4. 1. INTRODUCTION PIPING SYSTEMS EXIST IN EVERY ENGINEERING APPLICATION. APPLICATIONS: PLUMBING, FIRE PROTECTION, PROCESS, AIR-CONDITIONING, REFRIGERATION, VENTILATION, COMPRESSED GAS, STEAM FUNCTION: TRANSMIT FLUID AT A PREFERED RATE TO THE DESTINATIONS WITH PREFERRED PROPERTIES (I.E. PRESSURE, TEMPERATURE) SESSION 1 MAIN REFERENCE: PUMPING STATION DESIGN

6. DESIGN CONCEPT SOURCE PIPING SYSTEM END USERS

7. PIPING SYSTEM DESIGN END USERS’ REQUIREMENTS SOURCE PRESSURE TEMPERATURE … FLOW PRESSURE TEMPERATURE … PIPING SYSTEM PIPE MATERIAL THICKNESS PATHS SIZES PUMP MATERIAL TYPE SIZE VALVE & ACC.

8. 2. STANDARDS

9. ASME STANDARDS

10. STANDARDS

11. STANDARDS

12. STANDARDS British Standard Deutsches Institut für Normung Japanese Industrial Standard Old mark (expired)

13. 3. BASIC UNITS PIPE SIZE: INCHES, mm. PIPE LENGTH: FEET, METRES VOLUME: CU.M., CU.FT., LITRES, GALLONS FLOWRATE: GPM, CU.M./H, LPS, LPM, CFM PRESSURE: PSI, BAR, m.WG., KG/CM2 POWER: KW, HP STUDENTS MUST HAVE THE CONVERSION FACTORS

14. 7 basic quantities

15. Basic conversion Length Mass

16. Temperature

17. Area Length Mass

18. Volume

19. Volume Flowrate

20. Velocity

21. Pressure

22. Energy

23. Heat Flowrate and Power

24. Viscosity ความหนืดสัมบูรณ์

25. Viscosity ความหนืดเชิงจลนศาสตร์

26. Water Properties

27. GUAGE PRESSURE Pguage = Pabsolute - Patm Pguage is obtained from pressure measuring device.

28. Atmospheric pressure Patm varies with altitude

29. Pressure at sea level P = rgh At sea level Patm = 101.3 kPa Water can be drawn upto h = Patm/rwaterg = ?? m Patm

30. Pressure and elevation • In theory 1 barg of pressure can drive water up 10.2 m with zero flow. • Municipal Water Authority (MWA) attempt to deliver water at 2 barg. • 2 barg = 20.4 m.WG.  = 6Floors !! • In practical situations, pressure drops in main and branch pipes, water hardly reach 2nd floor, so people use pump.

31. It’s illegal to pump water from city main M M M M

32. 4. BASIC FLOW IN PIPE

33. Flow Pattern LAMINAR or TURBULENCE ? Re < 2000 Re > 10000

34. REYNOLDS NUMBER Inertia vs. Viscous Effect WATER FLOW AT 1.2 m/s IN A ½” PIPE =TURBULENT

35. LOSS MAJOR LOSS: LOSS IN PIPE MINOR LOSS: LOSS IN FITTINGS AND VALVES

36. LOSS IN PIPE LOSS IN PIPE CAUSED BY FRICTION BETWEEN FLUID AND PIPE SURFACE. FRICTION CAN BE RELATED TO SHEAR STRESS. PA PB A B

37. VELOCITY AND LOSS A B LOSS IN PIPE VARIES WITH SQUARE OF FLUID VELOCITY

38. FLOW AND LOSS FLUID VELOCITY IS RELATED TO THE FLOW RATE VIA PIPE SIZE THUS.. C = f (DIAMETER, ROUGHNESS)

39. FRICTION LOSS CHART VELOCITY DIAMETER DESIGN VELOCITY 1.2 TO 2.4 m/s

40. FRICTION LOSS EQUATION HAZEN-WILLIAMS EQUATION (SI UNIT) DARCY WEISBACH EQUATION READING ASSIGNMENT: 3-2 FRICTION LOSS IN PIPE

41. MOODY DIAGRAM

42. MINOR LOSS LOSS IN FITTING: USE EQUIVALENT LENGTH LOSS IN VALVE: USE CV OR KV (DISCUSS LATER)

43. 5. QUICK LOOK AT PIPE DRAWINGS

44. NEXT SESSION PIPING MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENTS VALVES PUMPS

45. HOMEWORK 1 • Find a water valve (in a toilet, a kitchen or the backyard). • Measure inlet pipe size. • Measure the flow rate from a faucet at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% opening (in lpm). • Find out the supply pressure (in m.WG.)