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Harmony, Texture, Tonality, and Mode in Music

Explore the essence of harmony, texture, tonality, and mode in music, distinguishing between monophony, homophony, and polyphony, and understanding major vs. minor modes and tonal centers.

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Harmony, Texture, Tonality, and Mode in Music

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  1. Chapter 4 Harmony, Texture, Tonality, and Mode

  2. Key Terms • Chord • Harmonize • Harmony • Consonance • Dissonance • Resolve

  3. Harmony • Prominent feature of Western music • Simultaneous pitches • Accompaniment for a melody

  4. Chords • Groupings of simultaneous pitches • A shifting sound background for melody

  5. Consonance • Sounds pleasing or at rest • Octaves are most consonant

  6. Dissonance • Sounds discordant, creates tension • Creates a desire to resolve to consonance

  7. Listening Exercises • Stability and instability • Tension and release • Consonance, dissonance, and resolution

  8. Key Terms • Texture • Monophony (monophonic) • Homophony (homophonic) • Polyphony (polyphonic) • Counterpoint • Imitative and non-imitative

  9. Texture The relationship between a melody and all other lines and figures that coexist with it

  10. Three Questions to Identify Texture • How many melodic lines do you hear? • Are all the lines equally interesting? • How similar or different are they?

  11. How many melodic lines do you hear? • How many different things are going on at one time? • Melody only? • More than one melody? • Any chords, figures, bass lines, or countermelodies?

  12. Are all the lines equally interesting? • Is there a foreground/background relationship? • Is there one main melody with clear patterns supporting it? • Is it hard to tell which is the main melody?

  13. How similar or different are they? • Same rhythms or different rhythms? • Same melodies or different melodies?

  14. Monophonic Texture • Only one line, nothing else

  15. Homophonic Texture • Two or more lines • One main melody with other parts supporting it (accompaniment)

  16. Polyphonic Texture • Two or more lines • All competing for your attention • Same melodies = Imitative • Different melodies = Non-imitative

  17. Imitative Polyphony

  18. Non-imitative Polyphony

  19. Listening Exercises • Monophonic? • Homophonic? • Polyphonic? • Imitative or non-imitative polyphony?

  20. Key Terms • Tonality, tonal • Tonic • Modality • Mode • Major mode, minor mode • Key • Modulation

  21. Tonality • Musical center of gravity • Feeling of a “home” pitch • A nearly universal phenomenon

  22. Tonal vs. Atonal • Tonal = Having sense of tonality • Atonal = Absence of tonality • Creates a wandering, unsettled quality • Used in some contemporary styles

  23. Tonic Pitch • The “home” pitch toward which other pitches lead • The first note of a scale (do re mi fa sol la ti do) • The most stable, fundamental pitch • The “at rest” note on which tonal melodies end

  24. Modality • Different ways of organizing the diatonic scale • Most Western music uses major and minor • Major scale = do re mi fa sol la ti do • Minor scale = la is the tonic, not do

  25. Major and Minor Modes

  26. Major vs. Minor • Major scales • Begin with two whole steps • End with a half step • Tend to sound brighter, happier • Minor scales • Begin with a whole step and a half step • End with a whole step • Tend to sound darker, sadder

  27. Major vs. Minor • Scale steps 3, 6, and 7 are a half step lower in the minor mode

  28. Key • Scales can begin on any note on the keyboard • Tonic pitch = Name of key • Scales can be major or minor • Pattern of whole and half steps must be observed

  29. Keys • Key of C major: major scale beginning on C • Key of D minor: minor scale beginning on D

  30. Modulation • Changing to a different key • Disrupts the pull toward the tonic • Creates a new tonal center • Creates variety, mystery, excitement, disorientation, etc.

  31. Listening Exercises • Tonal or atonal? • Major or minor mode? • Modulation?

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