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Plate Tectonics

This presentation explores the evolution of plate tectonics, beginning with early theories of continental drift proposed by Alfred Wegener and others. It traces the timeline of significant advancements in geology from the 19th century to the late 20th century, highlighting key figures and discoveries such as paleomagnetism, seismic studies, and the development of divergent, convergent, and transform plate boundaries. The implications of plate tectonics on volcanic activity and the formation of mountain ranges are examined, using examples such as the Himalayas and the San Andreas Fault.

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Plate Tectonics

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  1. Plate Tectonics Large-scale Change

  2. How to Create a Paradigm Shift

  3. Snider-Pellegrini, 1858

  4. Continental Drift, 1912 Alfred Wegener (1880-1930)

  5. Matthew Fontaine Maury, 1854

  6. USS Nautilus Marie Tharp and Bruce Heezen, early 1950s

  7. Paleomagnetism, late 1950s

  8. Seismology, 1920s - 1930s

  9. Nuclear detonations since 1945 Seismology, early 1960s

  10. Paradigm Shift!! Plate Tectonics, late 1960s - early 1970s

  11. TECTONIC PLATES

  12. DIVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY Rift Zone Mid-Ocean Ridge

  13. DIVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY Mid-Atlantic Ridge D. Hardin

  14. Geysir (Strokkur) Blue Lagoon Krafla, 1980 Thingvellir Hekla, 2000 Eyjafjallajökull, 2010 DIVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY Mid-Atlantic Ridge Iceland D. Hardin

  15. D. Hardin

  16. CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY Continent vs. Continent

  17. CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY Continent vs. Continent Himalayas Mt. Everest D. Hardin

  18. CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY Continent vs. Continent Alps Mt. Blanc Eiger Monch Jungfrau D. Hardin

  19. D. Hardin

  20. CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY Continent vs. Oceanic crust Accretion/Crumple Zone Subduction Zone

  21. Views from Seattle Palouse biome Olympic Range Mt. Rainier Mt. St. Helens Mt. Hood Three Sisters Mt. Shasta Crater Lake CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY Continent vs. Oceanic crust Cascade Range IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER! D. Hardin

  22. D. Hardin

  23. CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY Oceanic vs. Oceanic crust Subduction Zone

  24. Japanese Caribbean Aleutian Philippine Indonesian CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY Oceanic vs. Oceanic crust Island arcs Ring of Fire D. Hardin

  25. CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY Oceanic vs. Oceanic crust Island arcs Japan D. Hardin

  26. D. Hardin

  27. TRANSFORM PLATE BOUNDARY D. Hardin

  28. North American Plate San Francisco Los Angeles Plate movement Pacific Plate 1974 1993 TRANSFORM PLATE BOUNDARY San Andreas Fault North American Plate North American Plate Pacific Plate Pacific Plate Carrizo Plain D. Hardin

  29. TRANSFORM PLATE BOUNDARY San Andreas Fault D. Hardin

  30. TRANSFORM PLATE BOUNDARY North Anatolian Fault D. Hardin

  31. TRANSFORM PLATE BOUNDARY North Anatolian Fault Izmit, Turkey earthquake November 12, 1999 Magnitude 7.2 D. Hardin

  32. D. Hardin

  33. HOT SPOT

  34. N Recent volcanism Active volcano HOT SPOT Hawaiian Islands 4.5-5.6 million YBP Kauai Oahu 3.0-4.0 million YBP Plate movement 2.7-3.3 million YBP Molokai 2.2-2.5 million YBP Maui 1.8 million YBP 1.2-1.3 million YBP 0.4-0.8 million YBP Hawaii 0.2-0.7 million YBP Loihi seamount D. Hardin

  35. HOT SPOT Hawaiian Island Chain Midway Atoll Kure Atoll 1,577 miles or Farmville, VA to Albuquerque, NM 28 million YBP Previous map area D. Hardin

  36. Yellowstone geothermal features Montana Oregon Idaho Wyoming Craters of the Moon Nevada Utah HOT SPOT Yellowstone Caldera Chain Plate movement D. Hardin

  37. D. Hardin

  38. RIFT ZONE Great Rift Valley D. Hardin

  39. RIFT ZONE Great Rift Valley Human evolution D. Hardin

  40. D. Hardin

  41. NEXT: AGENTS OF EROSION

  42. D. Hardin

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