1 / 12

Understanding Transducers: Converting Signals Across Various Domains

This chapter introduces transducers, devices that convert non-electrical signals into electrical signals (input) and vice versa (output). Examples include microphones and speakers, which transform sound signals into electrical signals and vice versa. It discusses various types of transducers, including thermistors, photoresistors, strain gauges, and more, each applicable for measuring temperature, light intensity, force, and position. Additionally, it covers key concepts like the thermoelectric effect and the operation of particle detectors, essential for understanding sensor technologies.

nash-richards
Télécharger la présentation

Understanding Transducers: Converting Signals Across Various Domains

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 7 Transducers

  2. 7-1 Introduction • Input Transducer • A device which converts a non-electrical signal into an electrical signal • A microphone converts a sound signal into an electrical signal. • Output Transducer • A device which converts an electrical signal into a non-electrical signal • A speaker converts an electrical signal into a sound signal.

  3. 7-2 Temperature • Thermistor • a device constructed of a metal-oxide or semiconductor material with a resistance that changes dramatically with temperature

  4. Platinum Resistance Temperature Detector (PRTD) • a resistor that has a resistance that increases linearly with temperature • Thermocouple • Whenever a temperature gradient is established across a metal, a potential develops. • This is called the thermoelectric effect. • A thermocouple uses the junction of two dissimilar metals to measure temperature. • See also Peltier Coolers.

  5. 7-3 Light Intensity • Photoresistor (a.k.a. photocell) • a device made of cadmium sulfide, a compound which exhibits a change in resistance when exposed to different intensities of light

  6. Photovoltaic Cell (a.k.a. solar cell) • a solid-state device composed of a p-n junction that produces a voltage across its terminals when light shines on the device • Photodiode • a device that is similar to a solar cell except that it is manufactured to detect light, not to power devices

  7. Phototransistor • a two-terminal device which allows current to flow proportionally to the intensity of light striking the surface of the unit • Photomultiplier (a.k.a. photometer) • a device use to detect very low light levels (e.g. astronomy) • light strikes the cathode of this device causing electrons to cascade through an array of anodes

  8. 7-5 Force • Strain Gauge • a device whose change in resistance is related to changes in length • Piezoelectric Transducer • a crystalline material that generates a voltage when deformed • this device call also be deformed if a voltage is applied

  9. 7-6 Position • Potentiometer • the simplest form of a position transducer • angular measurement is accomplished quite simply • Variable Capacitor • displacements may be measured capacitively by attaching a plate to the object which is moving and another plate to a fixed point

  10. 7-9 Magnetic Field • Hall Effect Probe • When a current-carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, charge is displaced from its path and collects on opposites sides of the conductor

  11. 7-10 Particle Detectors • Geiger-Muller Tube • a device used to detect ionizing radiation • ionizing radiation is very high energy radiation associated with nuclear disintegrations • current "spikes" are counted

  12. 7-7 Sound • What do you need to make a speaker? • Permanent Magnet • Coil of Wire • Flexible Cone on a Frame • Can speakers also be used as microphones?

More Related