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The “TIPCASTT” Systems of Poetry Analysis

The “TIPCASTT” Systems of Poetry Analysis. Picking a poem apart to see how it works. TI TLE P ARAPHRASE C ONNOTATION A TTITUDE S HIFT T ITLE T HEME. Step 1: Ti tle . Write the title and the author of the poem. Then, predict what the poem will be about. EXAMPLE :

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The “TIPCASTT” Systems of Poetry Analysis

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  1. The “TIPCASTT” Systems of Poetry Analysis Picking a poem apart to see how it works. TITLE PARAPHRASE CONNOTATION ATTITUDE SHIFT TITLE THEME

  2. Step 1: Title • Write the title and the author of the poem. Then, predict what the poem will be about. • EXAMPLE: • “Stopping By Woods On a Snowy Evening” by Robert Frost. I predict that this poem will be about someone who stops in the woods to watch the snow fall during the evening.

  3. Step 2: Paraphrase • Silently read the poem. Then listen to it read aloud by someone else. Finally, restate the literal meaning in your own words on your notebook paper. • Try to write at least one sentence for each stanza (verse) of the poem, capturing all its literal ideas (what literally happens in the poem).

  4. Step 2: Paraphrase • EXAMPLE: • Whose woods these are I think I know.His house is in the village though;He will not see me stopping hereTo watch his woods fill up with snow. • Sentence Paraphrase: The narrator is going home and stops in the woods that his friend owns to watch the snow fall.

  5. Step 3: Connotation • Read the poem and state its point of view. • Then, reread the poem, looking for rhyming patterns. What is the rhyme pattern, if any? • Then, look for that especially significant or unusual (purple) words. Why are they included? What meaning to they convey (show)? • Finally, look for examples of poetic devices in the poem (alliteration, consonance, onomatopoeia, simile, metaphor, etc.). How do they help the poem?

  6. Step 3: Connotation • EXAMPLE: • My little horse must think it queerTo stop without a farmhouse nearBetween the woods and frozen lakeThe darkest evening of the year. • This stanza has an AABA rhyming scheme. The author uses the word ‘queer’ to mean ‘strange’. Frost also uses some great imagery to describe the lake and the night. It helps to create a great visual of what’s going on in the poem.

  7. Step 4: Attitude • Reread the poem, looking for diction (particular wording), images, and details that hint at or suggest the poet’sattitude (how he feels) to the poem’ssubject (what he’s writing about). • Note these examples.

  8. Step 4: Attitude  EXAMPLE • The poet calls the woods “lovely, dark, and deep”, which shows that he enjoys the quiet and the darkness of the woods while it’s snowing outside. • The poet feels peaceful when he thinks about this place. • Whose woods these are I think I know.His house is in the village though;He will not see me stopping hereTo watch his woods fill up with snow.My little horse must think it queerTo stop without a farmhouse nearBetween the woods and frozen lakeThe darkest evening of the year.He gives his harness bells a shakeTo ask if there is some mistake.The only other sound's the sweepOf easy wind and downy flake.The woods are lovely, dark and deep.But I have promises to keep,And miles to go before I sleep,And miles to go before I sleep.

  9. Step 5: Shift • Reread the poem, marking the places in it where the speaker’s feeling shift or change. • Watch for changes in line length, sound, diction (word choice), and punctuation, and pay especial attention to the conclusion.

  10. Step 5: Shift EXAMPLE • The poet is enjoying the woods but then, in the last stanza, he decides that he doesn’t have time to stay and enjoy it any longer and has to get on with his work. • The poet has a lot to do before he can rest and he’s wasted enough time watching the snow. • He gives his harness bells a shakeTo ask if there is some mistake.The only other sound's the sweepOf easy wind and downy flake.The woods are lovely, dark and deep.But I have promises to keep,And miles to go before I sleep,And miles to go before I sleep.

  11. Step 6: Title • Now, reread the poem’s title again and your first explanation for it. Now that you’ve reread the poem several times and analyzed its features, explain the title of the poem again. • EXAMPLE: • Frost’s title talks about stopping in the woods on a snowy night. He stops and enjoys the quiet for a little while, but it’s just a short stop.

  12. Step 7: Theme • First, identify the literal subject(s) of the poem (what is literally happening). • Then, identify the abstract or figurative subject of the poem. • Now, state (write) what you think the poem is saying about its subject(s). • Finally, write the theme (message or lesson) of the poem in a complete sentence.

  13. Step 7: Theme • Identify the literal subject(s) of the poem (what is literally happening) – “A man is riding home in the snow and stops to watch the snow fall and fill up a quiet woods.” • Identify the idea of the poem. – “Peace and quiet.” • State (write) what you think the poem is saying about its subject(s) – “That even a moment of peace and quiet is worth it.” • State the theme (message or lesson) of the poem in a complete sentence – “Peace and quiet are completely worth it, if we can only have it for a moment.”

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