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The Age of Reform: Progressivism and the Fight for Social Change in Early 20th Century America

The Age of Reform marked a pivotal period in American history, where progressivism ignited efforts to address urban challenges, workers' rights, and political corruption. Key reforms included labor laws to protect workers and limit child labor, improved sanitation, and civil rights initiatives led by organizations like the NAACP. With figures like Roosevelt promoting the Square Deal, the era also witnessed the birth of women's suffrage, culminating in the Nineteenth Amendment. This transformative movement laid the groundwork for a fairer and healthier society through comprehensive government reform.

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The Age of Reform: Progressivism and the Fight for Social Change in Early 20th Century America

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  1. Chapter 9 The Age of Reform

  2. Progressivism • Focused on urban problems, such as the plight of workers, poor sanitation, and corrupt political machines • Work place-dangerous conditions • Social problems-wanted people to have great control over government • Politics-expose corruption

  3. Industry reform • Campaigned for labor laws that would prohibit or limit child labor and improve conditions for female workers • Workplace safety-Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

  4. Reforming society • Clean up cities • Fix the tenement housing issue • Safe places for children to play • Health care • City-planning movement-park construction, building codes, sanitation standards, and zoning

  5. Moral reform • Prohibition-a ban on the manufacture, sale and transportation of alcoholic beverages

  6. Racial Discrimination • Few white progressives devoted much energy to the problems of discrimination and prejudice against African Americans and American Indians • NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) • Society of American Indians

  7. Chapter 10 • Progressive Politicians

  8. Section 1-Reforming Government • Election reforms-give the government back to the people • Direct primary • 17th Amendment-gave voters the power to elect their senators directly

  9. Section 2 Roosevelt and the Square Deal • “bully pulpit” • Square Deal-wanted to balance the interests of business, consumers, and labor • Limited the power of trusts, promoted public health and safety and improved working conditions

  10. Practices of food and drug companies • Drug companies, food processors and meat packers were selling dangerous products (churching spoiled butter with skim milk would make it look fresh; chemicals used to take away odor of old eggs) • Upton Sinclair The Jungle • 1906 Congress passed the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act

  11. Protecting the Environment • 150 million acres as forest reserves • National Park Service was created in 1916

  12. Women’s Suffrage • National American Women Suffrage Association • Long hard struggle • Women threw their support behind WWI and this helped to weaken opposition to women’s suffrage • President Wilson supported this cause in 1918 • 1920 the Nineteenth Amendment was ratified

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