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Major Endocrine Glands – Abdominopelvic - 3

Major Endocrine Glands – Abdominopelvic - 3. Endocrine Glands. Gonads. The testes contain two types of cells that secrete hormones: Interstitial cells Sustentacular cells. Interstitial Cells. Make androgens: The main androgen is testosterne .

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Major Endocrine Glands – Abdominopelvic - 3

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  1. Major Endocrine Glands – Abdominopelvic - 3

  2. Endocrine Glands

  3. Gonads The testes contain two types of cells that secrete hormones: • Interstitial cells • Sustentacular cells

  4. Interstitial Cells Make androgens: The main androgen is testosterne. In addition to developing secondary sex characteristics, testosterone affect CNS development in the hypothalamic nuclei that influences sexual behaviors.

  5. Sustentacular Cells Direct the differentiation and physical maturation of sperm.

  6. Feedback Both types of cells are affected by the release of FSH from the anterior pituitary. However, when the FSH blood levels rise, cells secrete inhibin. Inhibin then stops (inhibits) the release of FSH.

  7. Gonads The ovaries contain two types of cells/structure that secrete hormones: • Ovarian cells • Corpus luteum

  8. Ovarian Cells Make estrogens when stimulated by FSH and LH: The main estrogen is estradiol. Developed secondary sex characteristics and helps prime the uterus for pregnancy.

  9. Corpus Luteum At ovulation, an immature oocyte is released. The remaining follicle cells form the corpus luteum. This structure releases estrogens and progestins – the primary progestin is progesterone. The exposure to estrogens and progesterone prepares the uterus for zygote implantation.

  10. Feedback Similar to the testes, ovaries are influenced by the release of FSH from the anterior pituitary. However, when the FSH blood levels rise, cells secrete inhibin. Inhibin then stops (inhibits) the release of FSH.

  11. Non-Endocrine Gland Hormones Stomach Small intestine Heart (atrialnatriuretic peptide) Kidneys Adipose tissue Placenta

  12. Functions regulated by the Endocrine System Growth Healing Water balance & Blood Pressure Calcium Metabolism Energy Metabolism Stress Regulation of other Endocrine Organs

  13. Growth Growth hormone-releasing hormone Human growth hormone (hGH) Thyrotropin (TSH) Thyroxine & triiodothyronine Calcitonin Somatostatin (GHIH)

  14. Healing Growth hormone-releasing hormone Human growth hormone (hGH) Thyrotropin (TSH) Thyroxine & triiodothyronine Calcitonin Glucagon, Insulin Erythropoietin

  15. Water Balance & Blood Pressure ADH Aldosterone Angiotensin II Atrialnatriuretic H. Epinephrine

  16. Calcium Metabolism Calcitonin Parathyroid H. (PTH) Estrogens/androgens Growth hormone

  17. Energy Metabolism Thyroxine & triiodothyronine Thyroid-stimulating hormone Epinephrine & norepinephrine Insulin Glucagon Adrenocorticotropic hormone Cortisol

  18. Stress Epinephrine Norepinephrine ACTH Cortisol T3 & T4 - maybe?

  19. Endocrine Diseases Cushing's Syndrome Acromegaly Pheochromocytoma Glucagonoma Somatostatinoma Diabetes mellitus Diabetes insipidus Hyperthyroidism (Graves disease) Hypothyroidism (Goiter) Hypothyroidism (Cretinism in babies) Hypothyroidism (Myxedema) Achondroplasia (Dwarfism) Gigantism SADS (Seasonal Affective Disorder):

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