1. Spinal Cord • Cylindrical cord composed of white and gray matter which • Functions:

2. Spinal Cord Anatomy • Internal gray matter of spinal cord is mostly • Central canal is

3. Spinal Cord Anatomy • Dorsal • Anterior • Exterior white matter is composed of

4. Pathway of a Typical Nerve Impulse

5. Pathway of a Typical Nerve Impulse

6. Reflexes • 2 Types of Reflexes: • Somatic Reflexes – • Examples: • Autonomic Reflexes – • Examples:

7. Skin Spinal cord (in cross section) Stimulus at distalend of neuron Sensory neuron Integrationcenter Receptor Motor neuron Interneuron Effector (a) Reflexes • Every reflex arc has the following 5 elements:

8. Reflex process Sensory receptors(stretch receptorsin the quadricepsmuscle) Sensory (afferent)neuron Spinal cord Synapse inventral horngray matter Motor(efferent)neuron Effector(quadricepsmuscle ofthigh) (b)

9. Paralysis • Flaccid paralysis – • Common causes: • Spastic paralysis – • Common causes -

10. Neurological Disorders • Research one of the following neurological disorders to present to the class. You should give a general description, causes, symptoms, and treatments. Include a picture as well! Epilepsy Autism Schizophrenia Spina Bifida Parkinson’s Disease Huntington’s Disease Cerebral Palsy Alzheimer’s Disease

11. Epilepsy • Description: • Causes: • Symptoms: • Treatments:

12. Schizophrenia • Description: • Causes: • Symptoms: • Treatments:

13. Parkinson’s Disease • Description: • Causes: • Symptoms: • Treatments:

14. Cerebral Palsy • Description: • Causes: • Symptoms: • Treatments:

15. Autism • Description: • Causes: • Symptoms: • Treatments:

16. Spina Bifida • Description: • Causes: • Symptoms: • Treatments:

17. Huntington’s Disease • Description: • Causes: • Symptoms: • Treatments:

18. Alzheimer’s • Description: • Causes: • Symptoms: • Treatments: http://www.alz.org/braintour/healthy_vs_alzheimers.asp