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The Skeleton

The Skeleton. From the Greek, meaning “dried up” 20% of body mass Bones, Joints, Cartilage, Joints, & Ligaments. Axial skeleton . Skull Cranial bones Facial bones Vertebral Column Thorax. Cranial bones. Frontal Parietal (2) Occipital Temporal (2) Sphenoid Ethmoid. Frontal .

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The Skeleton

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  1. The Skeleton From the Greek, meaning “dried up” 20% of body mass Bones, Joints, Cartilage, Joints, & Ligaments

  2. Axial skeleton • Skull • Cranial bones • Facial bones • Vertebral Column • Thorax

  3. Cranial bones • Frontal • Parietal (2) • Occipital • Temporal (2) • Sphenoid • Ethmoid

  4. Frontal • Frontal sinus • supra-orbital ridge (margin) • supra-orbital foramen (or notch) • frontal suture (usually only present in fetal skull) • coronal suture (between frontal and anterior border of parietals)

  5. Parietal bones • sagittal suture • lambdoid suture • squamous suture

  6. Occipital • occipital condyles • foramen magnum • nuchal lines

  7. Temporal • squamous portion • external acoustic (auditory) meatus • mastoid process • styloid process • petrous portion • zygomatic process

  8. Sphenoid • greater and lesser wings • pterygoid processes • sella turcica • sinuses

  9. Ethmoid • perpendicular plate • crista galli • cribriform (horizontal) plate • superior and middle concha • sinuses

  10. Paired bones Maxillae Zygomatic Nasals Lacrimals Palatines Inferior conchae Unpaired bones Mandible Vomer Facial bones

  11. nasal bones • lacrimal bones

  12. Zygomatic bones • orbital process • temporal process • maxillary process

  13. Maxilla & Palatine Bones • sinus • alveolar ridge (margin) • infra-orbital foramen • palatine processes

  14. Mandible • ramus • condyle • angle • body • Coronoid process • Alveolar ridge

  15. Vomer Inferior nasal conchae Sinuses Facial Bones (continued)

  16. Hyoid bone

  17. Ribs • True Ribs – First 7 pairs (connect to sternum directly) • False Ribs – last 5 pairs • Floating ribs – the last two false ribs are called floating ribs because they don’t attach in the front at all

  18. Sternum • Manubrium • suprasternal (jugular) notch • sternal angle • body • xiphoid process • clavicular notch

  19. Vertebrae: • Lamina • Pedicles • Centrum • spinous process • superior and inferior articulatingprocesses • vertebral foramen • intervertebral foramen

  20. Vertebrae: Continued • Cervical Vertebrae (7) • bifid spinous process • transverse foramina • C1 = atlas • C2 = axis with odontoid process • Thoracic (12) • downward sharp spinous process • articulating facets on centrum and transverse processes for ribs

  21. lumbar (5) • massive centrum • short, wide spinous process • Sacral: (5) fused • sacral canal • auricular surface • sacral foramen • median sacral crest • sacral hiatus • sacral promontory • apex • Coccyx: (1-4) fused

  22. Appendicular Skeleton • Pectoral Girdle • Clavicle - sternal end, acromial end • Scapula • Spine • supraspinatus fossa, • infraspinatus fossa • acromion process • coracoid process • vertebral border • axillary border • glenoid cavity

  23. Bones of the Upper Extremity • Humerus • Radius • Ulna

  24. Humerus • Head • Neck: surgical/anatomical • Greater/ Lesser tubercle • Intertubercular groove • Deltoid tuberosity • Epicondyles - medial/lateral • Trochlea • Capitulum • Coronoid fossa • Olecranon fossa

  25. Radius • Head • Neck • Shaft • Radial tuberosity • Styloid process • Ulnar notch

  26. Ulna • Olecranon process • Trochlear notch • Radial notch • Coronoid process • Styloid process • Head

  27. Bones of the Wrist and Hand • Carpals - 8 wrist bones • Metacarpals - 5 hand bones • Phalanges - 14 finger bones

  28. Bones of the Pelvic Girdle(OS COXAE) • Consists of three bones: • Ilium • Ishium • Pubis

  29. ILIUM • Iliac crest • Anterior superior iliac spine • Greater sciatic notch • Sacroiliac joint

  30. ISCHIUM • Ischial tuberosity • Lesser sciatic notch • Acetabulum • Obturator foramen

  31. PUBIS • Pubic symphysis

  32. Male Pelvis / Female Pelvis Larger, heavier Heart -shaped Deep pelvis Tilted forward < 90 degree angle • Smaller, lighter • More oval • Shallow pelvis • Flared more • >90 degree angle

  33. Bones of the Thigh and Leg • Femur • Tibia • Fibula

  34. FEMUR • Head • Neck • Greater trochanter • Lesser trochanter • Shaft • Linea aspera • Epicondyles • Condyles • Intercondylar notch or fossa • Patellar surface

  35. TIBIA • Tibial condyles • Tibial tuberosity • Medial malleolus • Shaft

  36. FIBULA • Head • Shaft • Lateral malleolus

  37. Patella - Kneecap

  38. Bones of the Ankle and Foot • Tarsals - 7 ankle bones • Talus • Calcaneus • Metatarsals - 5 foot bones • Phalanges - 14 toe bones • proximal • middle (medial) • distal

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