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Understanding the Human Skeleton: Joints, Functions, and Common Disorders

This guide explores the classification of joints in the human skeleton, including immovable (synarthroses), slightly movable (amphiarthroses), and freely movable joints (diarthroses). It highlights various types of diarthroses, such as hinge and ball-and-socket joints, and discusses common joint disorders like sprains and arthritis. The text covers symptoms, causes, and treatment options, providing insight into the structures like bursae that facilitate joint movement. This information is vital for understanding joint health and addressing common joint-related issues.

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Understanding the Human Skeleton: Joints, Functions, and Common Disorders

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Presentation Transcript

  1. The skeleton Bones and joints

  2. Classification of joints • Function • Immoveable = synarthroses [sutures of skull] • Slightly moveable = amphiarthroses [intervertebral discs; pubic sympysis] • Freely moveable = diarthroses [synovial joints – knee, elbow

  3. Synovial joints – most common joint in body (pg 102) • Saddle – waving hand • Ball-and-Socket – arm/leg circles • Pivot – rotation – proximal ends radius & ulna; atlas & axis • Hinge –up & down – elbow, knee • Gliding – sliding/twisting various planes – wrist, ankle • Condyloid - shallow ball & socket – between metacarpals & phalanges

  4. Sprains • Stretched or torn ligaments • Accompanied by internal bleeding (bruising), swelling and pain • Ankle most common • Take a long time to heal because ligaments have few cells and poor blood supply • Stretches mend with time • Tears may require surgery to remove damaged tissue and stabilize with a piece of tendon or repositioning other ligaments

  5. Bursae • Bursa – a flattened fibrous sac lined with synovial membrane and containing a thin film of synovial fluid • Found where ligaments and bones rub together • These bags of fluid act as ball bearings to reduce friction during joint movements

  6. Arthritis • General term for joint inflammation • Most common – osteoarthritis – degenerative wear and tear – 20 million Americans >45 • Bony spurs form as cartilage wears away and bones thicken • Increased friction causes painful inflammation • OTC meds can help, surgical joint replacement in severe cases; injections of hyaluric acid (a component of hyaline cartilage) can reduce knee pain temporarily

  7. Rheumatoid arthritis • Also causes joint inflammation but it is caused by the body’s own immune system (autoimmune disorder) which mistakenly attacks the joint tissues

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