Anemia • Low RBC’s or Low Hemoglobin • Low in iron • Symptoms: Fatigue, bruise easily, paleness, rapid heart rate • Sickle Cell Anemia • African Descent- low oxygen due to shape of RBC’s
Aneurysm • Ballooning out or saclike formation on an arterial wall. Weakens arterial wall. If burst, hemorrhage will occur. • Symptoms: pain or pressure. No symptoms at all. • Brain, Aorta, and Stomach
Arteriosclerosis • Hardening or thickening of the arterial walls. Results in a loss of elasticity. • Result of aging. May cause high blood pressure. May lead to an aneurysm.
Atherosclerosis • When fatty plaque (cholesterol) are deposited on the walls of arteries. It narrows the arterial opening, which reduces blood flow. • Treatment: Low cholesterol diet and exercise. Angioplasty (stent) or Bypass surgery
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) • Heart does not beat enough to supply the body with blood. It can involve right or left side. • Symptoms: edema (swelling), distension of neck veins, weak, rapid pulse, pink, frothy mucous with a cough • Treatment: Medicine, compression wrap, bed rest
Embolus • Foreign substance circulation in the bloodstream. • Air, blood clot, bacterial clumps, fat, etc… • Causes blockage of blood vessel
Hemophilia • Inherited disease that occurs in males, but is carried by females. Lacks the protein that allows blood to clot. Minor cut could lead to prolonged bleeding.
Hypertension • High blood pressure • 140/90 • Who does it affect? Family History, race (African Americans),obesity, stress, smoking, aging, high fat diet • Treatment: medicine, limit stress, avoid tobacco, low sodium diet
Leukemia • Affects bone marrow or lymph • High number of immature white blood cells • Symptoms: fever, swelling of lymph nodes, fatigue, anemia, bleeding gums, excessive bruising, and joint pain • Treatment: chemotherapy, radiation, bone marrow transplant
Myocardial Infarction (MI) • Heart Attack • Blockage in an artery that cuts off supply of blood to the heart. The affected heart tissue dies (infarct). • Death may occur immediately • Symptoms: pain in arm, neck, or jaw, pressure in chest, sweating, cold, clammy skin • Treatment: CPR, Medication, bed rest, low fat diet, avoidance of tobacco and stress, regular exercise and weight control
Phlebitis • Inflammation of a vein • Common in leg; blood clots may form • Symptom: Pain, redness, edema, discoloration • Treatment: Pain medication, elevation of affected area, support hose, if necessary surgery.
Varicose Veins • Dilated, swollen veins that have lost elasticity and cause decrease blood flow. • Legs, pregnancy, prolonged sitting or standing • Treatment: exercise, support hose, avoidance of prolonged sitting or standing and tight fitting or restrictive clothing. In severe cases, surgery can be performed.
