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Alpha Beta Gamma

Alpha Beta Gamma. Lesson Contents. Physical properties of a , b and g Penetrating power of a , b and g N v Z graphs Decay laws. Alpha Radiation. Alpha particles contain two protons and two neutrons. Alpha Radiation. a has the same constitution as a helium nucleus

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Alpha Beta Gamma

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  1. AlphaBetaGamma

  2. Lesson Contents Physical properties of a, b and g Penetrating power of a, b and g N v Zgraphs Decay laws

  3. Alpha Radiation Alpha particles contain two protons and two neutrons

  4. Alpha Radiation a has the same constitution as a helium nucleus Alpha particles may be written as They have a double positive charge and a mass of 4 u

  5. Beta-minus Radiation Beta-minus particles are electrons

  6. Beta-minus Radiation b- is produced when a neutron decays Beta-minus particles may be written as They have a negative charge and a mass of 1/1800 u

  7. Beta-minus Radiation b- is produced when a neutron decays The surplus mass is released as kinetic energy in the b- and as an antineutrino

  8. Gamma Radiation Gamma rays are a form of electro-magnetic radiation

  9. Gamma Radiation g release is often associated with a or b decay Gamma rays remove energy from an unstable nucleus

  10. Beta-plus Radiation b+ particles are positrons

  11. Beta-plus Radiation b+ is produced when a proton decays The surplus mass is released as kinetic energy in the b+ and as a neutrino

  12. Penetrating power b has a small mass It is stopped by a few millimetres of aluminium a has a high mass It is stopped by a few centimetres of air g has zero mass It is stopped by thick lead or concrete

  13. Penetrating power b has a small charge It is dangerous at medium range a has a high charge It is dangerous if swallowed g has high energy It is dangerous at distance

  14. Penetrating power

  15. N v Z graphs A Graph of neutron number (N) against proton number (Z) helps to predict whether an isotope will emit a or b-radiation

  16. N v Z graphs Isotopes in this region emit a particles to become more stable. N decreases by 2 Z decreases by 2

  17. N v Z graphs Isotopes in this region emit b particles to become more stable. N decreases by 1 Z increases by 1

  18. Decay laws - alpha When an isotope emits an a particle Its nucleon number decreases by 4 Its proton number decreases by 2 For example:

  19. Decay laws – beta-minus When an isotope emits a b- particle Its nucleon number is unchanged Its proton number increases by 1 For example:

  20. Decay laws – beta-plus When an isotope emits a b+ particle Its nucleon number is unchanged Its proton number decreases by 1 For example:

  21. Decay laws Try writing the nuclear equations for the decay of these isotopes

  22. Decay laws Answers

  23. AlphaBetaGamma

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