Ancient Greece

1. Ancient Greece This is Sparta 900-396 B.C.E.

2. Essential Standards • 6.C&G.1 Understand the development of government in various civilizations, societies and regions. • 6.C.1 Explain how the behaviors and practices of individuals and groups influenced societies, civilizations and regions.

3. Clarifying Objectives • 6.C&G.1.3 Compare the requirements for (e.g., age, gender and status) and responsibilities of (e.g., paying taxes and military service) citizenship under various governments. • 6.C.1.1Analyze how cultural expressions reflected the values of civilizations, societies and regions (e.g., oral traditions, art, dance, music, literature, and architecture).

4. Essential Questions • What were the requirements & responsibilities of Spartan citizenship formen? • What were the requirements & responsibilities of Spartan citizenship for women? • How does the way the Spartan cultural expressions reflect their values?

5. Ancient Greece • Ancient Greece was known for • Ancient Greece was broken into 5 powerful city states • Athens • Sparta • Corinth • Megara • Argos

6. Sparta • Sparta was a Greek City State • It was one of the 5 largest city states • Sparta is known for being the Warrior culture in Greece • The entire Spartan nation lived as an army • Sparta is still honored today as being one of the foundations of military strategy and toughness there ever was

7. Life In Sparta • Life in Sparta began with an inspection • When a child was born especially a boy they were inspected by an elder • This was to see if the boy would be strong enough to eventually become a warrior

8. Passing Inspection • The elder was a person of the state (from the government) • If the child was deemed worthy they would be returned but not to their mother • They would go to a slave wet nurse to be cared for to ensure that the child was not coddled

9. Passing Inspection • If the child had any imperfections at all they were deemed not worthy to live in Spartan society • They were taken to a Mount Taygetus and flung into the ravine • No consideration was given to the feelings of the parents because their job was to birth strong warriors

10. Tough Love • If the child was deemed worthy there life was still not easy at all • As young babies they were ignored if they cried • As toddlers they were taught not to fear darkness & to not fear anyone

11. Where is Daddy • Spartan boys & girls grew up without a father if they were lucky • They were considered lucky if their father was a member of the Spartan Military • If he was he would occasionally come home from battle or from training but other than that would not ever see his family

12. Tombstone • Tombstones with their names on it were rare & they were an honor to have • You were only given a tombstone if you were a Spartan Warrior who died in battle • If you were a Spartan mother who died giving birth • This was because both acts were considered dying for the states (your country)

13. Agoge, Military Training • Young Spartans would be put into military training at the age of 7 • At age 7 every young boy was taken from their mother to start military training • From that point on the boy would live a rough unforgiving military life in a Spartan Military Training Barrack

14. Training, Training, Training • After being taken from their mother Spartan boys would do nothing but train for the next 12 years • Spartan’s could barely read or write • Spartan Training & Education focused on • Military Skills • Discipline • Toughness

15. I’m Cold • The young Spartan boys were not given clothes, shoes or underwear • They were given one cloak that was supposed last them the whole year • They were not given a bed either • He had to make his own from the reeds by the water

16. I’m Hungry • During their training the Spartan boys were not fed enough to eat • This was done to encourage them to be angry & to steal their food from their enemies • If he was caught stealing he would get beaten by the owner of the food and then by his instructor for being dumb enough to get caught

17. Encouraged to Fight • Young Spartan boys were encouraged to fight with each other • Older Spartan men would instigate fights between the boys • This was all part of their training to toughen the boys up

18. Spartan Society • Spartans were taught not to cry you were taught not to show pain • At age 10 they would play a game where two Spartan boys would be tied to a tree or column and whipped • Who ever was able to stand there and be whipped the longest was deemed toughest • Their families would stand there and watch and yell at the boys not to pass out

19. Spartan Society • The societal model was designed to turn people into tough soldiers who didn’t fear death

20. Spartan Women • Spartan girls were allowed to stay with their mothers but were trained as well • Spartan girls were trained in gymnastics, javelin throwing & dance • This was to make them strong for when they were to bear children

21. Training with Spartan Weapons • At age 12 the Spartan boys would begin training with Spartan weapons • They would train with the sword, thrusting spear, & shield • They fight each other with wooden spears and tip less swords

22. Death in Training • It was common for Spartan boys to kill each other with these training weapons • That was allowed because it toughened up the winner by letting him see death

23. Final Rite of Passage • When they turned 18 they had to pass one last test to be a part of the military • They had to murder a helliot (Spartan enemy) and steal • You must both murder & not get caught

24. Graduation • At age 18 following the murder of the Helot they were inducted to the Spartan military officially • This was the second biggest day of their life (only the day they were killed was more important) • This was also an important day for both mother & father because it validated the process of being taken from them at a young age

25. Tav Tan E Pa Tas • Tav Tan E Pa Tas • Spartan mothers would give the shields to Spartan boys at graduation and say this phrase which is Greek for with your shield or on it • What this means is either comeback victorious or comeback dead from being killed in battle

26. Phalanx • The Spartan Warriors fought in a Phalanx • A Phalanx was a battle strategy where every warrior was protected by the warrior to their right & left’s shield • They would let the enemy attack but halt them with their shields and then launch their own attack

27. Essential Questions • What were the requirements & responsibilities of Spartan citizenship for women? • What were the requirements & responsibilities of Spartan citizenship for women? • How does the way the Spartan cultural expressions reflect their values?

28. Lesson Summery • http://www.history.com/videos/spartan-boot-camp-killing-machines#spartan-boot-camp-killing-machines