16.1 The War Begins

1. 16.1 The War Begins By Sarah King, Molly Bohan, Becca Corbett, and Tess Foley

2. Americans choose sides By: Molly Bohan

3. Americans choose sides • Abraham Lincoln became president • Seven southern states seceded • Lincoln promised to not end slavery where it already existed • Lincoln wanted to preserve the union • Lincoln believed that saving the union would help save democracy • Molly Bohan

4. Americans choose sides • Lincoln refused to recognize secession, declaring the union to be unbroken • After decades of painful compromises the union was badly broken • A battle was arising in the south • Confederate officials began seizing branches like the federal mint, arsenals, and military outposts • In 1861, at Fort Sumter, a federal outpost in Charleston, South Carolina was attacked by the federal troops • On April 12, 1861, Confederate guns opened fire. • Molly B

5. Americans choose sidesMolly Bohan

6. REACTION TO LINCOLN’S CALL/ northern resources By: Becca Corbett

7. Reaction to Lincoln’s call • Lincoln declared South in a state of rebellion • Asked state governors for 75,000 militiamen to stop rebellion • Pennsylvania, New Jersey, & states north of them rallied to president’s call • Border states- Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri- slave states that didn’t join the Confederacy • People in border states – deeply divided on war • Federal troops sent to border states to keep them with Union • West Virginia- set up own state government in 1863 • Becca C

8. Northern Resources • North population – 22 million • South’s – 5.5 million • North’s advantages : • Networks of roads, canals, and railroads • Civil War stimulated economic growth • Production of coal, iron, wheat, and wool increased • Exports to Europe doubled • Had money • Had more developed economy, banking system, and currency • South: export of resources decreased because Union blockade • South had to start making own Confederate dollars • Winfield Scott- developed a two part strategy for Union • 1) destroy South’s economy with a naval blockade of southern ports • 2) gain control of Mississippi River to divide the South • Other leaders urged to attack on Richmond, Virginia • Becca

10. Tess Foley Southern Resources/Preparing for war By Tess Foley

11. Tess Foley Southern Resources • Southern farms provided food for military • South’s best advantage was strategic – it only needed to defend itself until the North grew tired of fighting • North had maintain long supply lines because of the great distance between Virginia to Georgia • Armies found South hard to cross because of all the wilderness • Many rivers ran from east to west = this formed a natural defense from the north • Northern generals attacked from the side instead of the front • Since the two armies fought on Southern territory, Southerners had he advantage of knowing the land better • Confederate president Jefferson Davis tried to win foreign allies through cotton diplomacy • Cotton Diplomacy – idea that Great Britain would support the Confederacy because it needed the South’s raw cotton to supply it’s booming textile industry

12. Tess Foley UNION AND CONFEDERATE RESOURCES

13. Tess Foley Preparing for war • Volunteer Armies had sparked revolution • Thousands had joined the volunteer army • Union army only had 16,000 soldiers in beginning • Within month, that number swelled to half million • Virginian Thomas Webber came to fight “against the invading foe who now pollute the sacred soil of my beloved native state.”

14. Tess Foley Helping the Troops • Civilians on both sides helped those in uniform • Raised money • Provided aid for soldiers and their families • Ran emergency hospitals • Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell, first women to receive medicine license, organized a group that pressured Pres. Lincoln to form U.S. Sanitary Commission in June 1861 • The Sanitary was run by clergyman Henry Bellows • Sent bandages • Medicines • Food to Union Army • 3,000 women served as nurses for the Union army.

15. Training The soldiers By Sarah King

16. Training the soldiers • Union and Confederate sides were both short of supplies: • Lacked standard uniform (wore own clothes) • Volunteers had no Idea how to fight • Small amount of food and rifles • Union side ended up wearing blue uniforms, while confederates wore grey Sarah

17. http://www.heeve.com/american-history/african-americans-in-the-civil-war.htmlhttp://www.heeve.com/american-history/african-americans-in-the-civil-war.html

18. The volunteers • No clue how to fight • Still eager to fight • Used schoolteachers, farmers, laborers • Learned combat basics such as: • Marching • Shooting • Using bayonets • Sarah

19. Almost time to fight • Discipline and drill used to turn into efficient soldiers • Learned to load, aim, and fire their rifles three times in one minute • Favored Springfield and Enfield rifles because of accuracy • Sarah

20. The tents • Union army provided two person tents • Soldiers discarded them for more portable ones • Confederates didn’t issue tents • Often stole Union’s tents • Sarah

21. Bibliography Deverell, William, and Deborah Gray White. United States History Beginnings to 1877. Orlando: Harcourt Education Company, 2009. Print.   http://www.econedlink.org/lessons/images_lessons/729_1860_uc1.gif

22. bibliography • Textbook • 16.1 powerpoint