16.1- The War Begins

1. 16.1- The War Begins Danielle Ardizzone Karoline Blacha Samantha Henry Julie LaLonde Margaret Yahiro

2. Americans Choose Sides Following the outbreak of war at Fort Sumter, Americans chose sides Danielle Ardizzone

3. Abraham Lincoln Danielle Ardizzone • As Abraham Lincoln took office, 7 southern states succeeded • In Lincoln’s inaugural address, he promised not to end slavery where it already existed • “The federal government will not assail you. You can have no conflict without being yourselves the aggressors.”- Abraham Lincoln • Lincoln believed that saving the Union would help to save democracy • He refused to identify secession • Declared the Union to be continuous • He felt it was his sacred duty as President of the United States to preserve the Union at all costs.

4. The North and South • Union • Badly broken • Hadn’t kept up with compromises • Wanted slavery to end without battle • South • Wanted battle • Enraged at the North • Wanted to receive glory for power of slavery • Confederate officials began seizing federal-mint branches, arsenals, and military posts. • Danielle Ardizzone http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/american-civil-war-history/videos/us-inches-closer-to-war

5. Danielle Ardizzone

6. Fort Sumter Danielle • Federal outpost in Charleston, South Carolina • Confederate forces asked for its surrender. • Lincoln refused and sent ships with supplies. • Confederate cannons began firing on April 12, 1861. • Fort Sumter fell 34 hours later. • Danielle Ardizzone

7. Danielle Ardizzone

8. Reaction to Lincoln’s Call Samantha Henry • Lincoln declared south was in rebellion • Asked governors for 75000 militiamen • States had to chose if they were to secede or stay in the union • North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and Arkansas seceded • These states provided soldiers and supplies to the south • Wedged between the north and the south were the key border states of Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri – slave states did not join the confederacy • People in these states were divided on the war • Lincoln sent soldiers into west Virginia, where union loyalties were strong. West Virginia set up its own state government in 1863

10. Northern Resources Advantages • Population of 22 million • Network of railroads, canals, and roads • Some 22,000 miles of railroad track • Had lots of money for supplies • More developed economy, banking system, and currency • Strategy—GeneralWinfieldScott planned to blockade southern ports and to capture Mississippi River to divide the South. • Confederacy had only one-ninth the industrial capacity of the Union Karoline B.

11. Southern Resources • The Confederacy also has many advantages • Strong military • Provided food and supplies for army • Cotton growth and sell helped South supply weapons and other necessities Julie

12. Southern Advantages • South’s best advantage was its strategy • Knew that they needed to fight until North stopped fighting • Covered in wilderness • Other armies found this hard to fight in • Many of rivers ran from east to west • Natural defense Julie

13. Karoline B.

14. Volunteer Armies Samantha Henry • At start of War the Union army had 16000 soldiers • That number went up to half a million within months • Virginian Thomas Weber came to fight “against invading foe who now pollute the sacred soil of my beloved native state” • When Union soldiers asked a captured rebel why he was fighting he replied “I’m fighting because you’re down here”

15. Helping the Troops • Civilians helped those in uniform. • Raised money, ran hospitals, served as nurses, sent supplies to troops. • Women sewed the uniforms. • Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell organized a group pressuring Lincoln to form the U.S. Sanitary Commission in June 1861. • Was ran by clergyman Henry Bellows. • Tens of thousands of volunteers helped . • Three thousand women served as nurses. Karoline B.

16. Karoline B.

17. Union and Confederate Soldiers • Soldiers carried food, extra ammunition, & other items in haversacks • Soldiers armed w/ a bayonet • Stored in scabbards on their belts • Soldiers also armed w/ single-shot muzzle-loading rifle Margaret Yahiro

18. Margaret Yahiro

19. Training the Soldiers • Union & Confederate armies shortages of clothing, food, & rifles • Most troops lacked uniform wore own clothes • Union- blue uniforms • Confederate- gray • Many did not know how to fight learned to march, shoot, & use bayonets • Including school teachers, farmers, and labors • Young soldiers eager to fight • Success/failure of a war depended on how well soldiers were trained • Margaret Yahiro

20. Training the Soldiers Cont. • Volunteers were expected load, aim, & fire rifles 3x in 1 min. • Union provided soldiers w/ two-person tents • Soldiers discarded these • Confederate army used tents they captured from Union army • Margaret Yahiro

21. Danielle Ardizzone Bibliography http://www.civilwar.org/education/history/biographies/abraham-lincoln.html http://bottomlesswit.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/lincoln_portrait.jpeg http://www.civilwarinart.org/exhibits/show/causes/introduction/the-election-of-1860-and-seces http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/fort-sumter-the-civil-war-begins-1018791/?no-ist http://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/sumter/ft-sumter-6_Picture1.jpg

22. Bibliography • http://www.ushistory.org/us/33b.asp • “United States History Beginnings to 1877” • http://www.volokh.com/posts/chain_1240849478.shtml(picture) Karoline Blacha