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Senior Hunger

Senior Hunger. Linda Netterville, MA, RD, LD Contractor, Nutrition Program, DADS. Objectives. Definition Incidence Causes Consequences Community Roles. Definition. Hunger - a craving or urgent need for food or a specific nutrient - an uneasy sensation occasioned by the lack of food

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Senior Hunger

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  1. Senior Hunger Linda Netterville, MA, RD, LD Contractor, Nutrition Program, DADS

  2. Objectives • Definition • Incidence • Causes • Consequences • Community Roles

  3. Definition • Hunger -a craving or urgent need for food or a specific nutrient -an uneasy sensation occasioned by the lack of food -a weakened condition brought about by prolonged lack of food • Malnutrition -faulty nutrition due to inadequate or unbalanced intake of nutrients or their impaired assimilation or utilization

  4. Definitions- USDA • Marginal food security -Householdshad problems at times, or anxiety about, accessing adequate food, but the quality, variety, and quantity of their food intake were not substantially reduced. • Low food security -Households reduced the quality, variety, and desirability of their diets, but the quantity of food intake and normal eating patterns were not substantially disrupted. • Very low food security -Eating patterns of one or more household members were disrupted and food intake reduced because the household lacked money and other resources for food.

  5. Definitions

  6. Survey Questions Used by USDA to Assess Household Food Security 1. "We worried whether our food would run out before we got money to buy more." Was that often, sometimes, or never true for you in the last 12 months? 2. "The food that we bought just didn't last and we didn't have money to get more." Was that often, sometimes, or never true for you in the last 12 months? 3. "We couldn't afford to eat balanced meals." Was that often, sometimes, or never true for you in the last 12 months? 4. In the last 12 months, did you or other adults in the household ever cut the size of your meals or skip meals because there wasn't enough money for food? (Yes/No) 5. (If yes to question 4) How often did this happen--almost every month, some months but not every month, or in only 1 or 2 months?

  7. Survey Questions Used by USDA to Assess Household Food Security 6. In the last 12 months, did you ever eat less than you felt you should because there wasn't enough money for food? (Yes/No) 7. In the last 12 months, were you ever hungry, but didn't eat, because there wasn't enough money for food? (Yes/No) 8. In the last 12 months, did you lose weight because there wasn't enough money for food? (Yes/No) 9. In the last 12 months did you or other adults in your household ever not eat for a whole day because there wasn't enough money for food? (Yes/No) 10. (If yes to question 9) How often did this happen--almost every month, some months but not every month, or in only 1 or 2 months?

  8. Top Ten Hunger States • Mississippi • New Mexico • Arkansas • Texas • Tennessee • Alabama • Georgia • South Carolina • Florida • Nevada

  9. US Senior Hunger 2010 • 1 in 7 face the “Threat of Senior Hunger” • Increased from 2001 to 2010 by 78% • Increased from 2006 to 2010 by 34%

  10. Senior Hunger in Texas

  11. Face of Senior Hunger • African American or Hispanic Populations • At poverty or near poverty • Under age 70 (specifically age 60-64) • Unmarried (divorced or separated) • Renters • Living with grandchildren • Less than 12 years of formal education

  12. Face of Senior Hunger • “Food Insecurity- Obesity Paradox” • Obesity • Weight related disability

  13. Face of Senior Hunger 2010 • Near poor • Whites • Widows • Non-metro • Retired • Women • Households with no grandchildren

  14. Consequences of Hunger

  15. Consequences of a Poor Diet

  16. Consequences of a Poor Diet

  17. Consequences of a Poor Diet

  18. Consequences of a Poor Diet

  19. Consequences of a Poor Diet

  20. Consequences of Poor Diet on Functionality Limits Muscle Strength Reduces Stamina Prevents Physical Activity Decreases ability to: Perform ADLs & IADLs: Eat, Walk, Grocery Shop, Prepare Meals Grip Items & Lift Heavy Objects Increases Dependency Increases Need for Caregiver Assistance Increases Risk for Falls & Fractures Threatens Independence--Reduces Quality of Life--Increases Healthcare Costs

  21. Community Role

  22. Strategic Planning: • Assess • Demographics-Risk Factors • Community Hunger and Food Insecurity • Community Need • Partners • Resources • Develop interventions to address

  23. Strategic Planning: • Develop interventions to address • Access • Referral • Education • Advocacy • Partnerships

  24. Target Services • Prioritize to high risk groups • Offer services in geographical areas with high need (ie, rural, food deserts, food swamps) • Offer services in low income housing

  25. Demographics

  26. Demographics

  27. Purpose: OAA Nutrition Services • To reduce hunger and food insecurity • Promote socialization • Promote the health and well-being of older individuals

  28. OAA Nutrition ServicesSections 331, 336, 339 • Services required to be provided • Meals, nutrition education • Services that may be provided • Nutrition assessment and counseling, as appropriate • Services that may not be funded • Vitamin/mineral supplements • Dietary supplements

  29. OAA Nutrition Targeting National Survey of OAA Participants, December, 2011

  30. OAA Nutrition TargetingCongregate National Survey of OAA Participants, December, 2011

  31. OAA Nutrition TargetingHome Delivered National Survey of OAA Participants, December, 2011

  32. OAA Nutrition Services Value Perceived Benefits National Survey of OAA Participants, December, 2011

  33. OAA Nutrition Services • Provide nutritious, appealing meals • Meet preferences, special needs for therapeutic, religious reasons • Food components that can be eaten later • Increase number of meals • Holiday Meals • Emergency Meals • Second Meals • More than five days

  34. Supportive Community Services • Nutrition education on low cost food management • Menu planning and shopping assistance • Assist in a access/transportation to grocery stores • Grocery delivery • Individualized nutrition counseling • Cooking classes

  35. USDA Food Assistance Programs

  36. Community Partner Recruitment Initiative • Use the online SNAP application to help families apply www.YourTexas Benefits.com

  37. USDA Food Assistance Programs • Senior Farmer’s Market Nutrition Program • TEFAP • CSFP • CACFP • SNAP-ED

  38. Food Assistance Programs • Food Banks • Food Pantries • Soup Kitchens

  39. Community Food Programs • Mobile Markets • Community Gardens

  40. Collaborate and Coordinate • Hunger network organizations and advocacy groups • Texas Hunger Initiative (Baylor University Based) • The Texas Hunger Research Project • Texas Food Bank Network • Home and Community Based Systems (HCBS) network • Aging and Disability Resource Centers (ADRC) • Faith-based organizations

  41. Assessing Hunger and Nutrition Risk • Community nutrition assessments for planning services • HCBS uniform assessment forms • I & R or ADRC screenings • Identify appropriate referrals • Trainall staff: nutrition, case managers, I & R staff about food insecurity • Include outcome and impact measures about food insecurity on evaluations

  42. Future of Senior Hunger Prediction 2025 • 75% more will experience food insecurity • 33% more suffer hunger

  43. What Can You Do?

  44. References National Foundation to End Senior Hunger www.nfesh.org • The Causes, Consequences, and Future of Senior Hunger in America, Ziliak, J., C. Gundersen and M. Haist, 2008 • Senior Hunger in the United States: Differences across States and Rural and Urban Areas, Ziliak, J. and C. Gundersen, 2009 • Senior Hunger in America 2010: An Annual Report, Ziliak, J. and C. Gundersen, 2010

  45. References • Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Food and Nutrition for Older Adults: Promoting Health and Wellness. J AcadNutr Diet. 2012;112:1255-1277. • Position of the American Dietetic Association, American Society for Nutrition, and Society for Nutrition Education: Food and Nutrition Programs for Community-Residing Older Adults. J Am Diet Assoc. 2010;110:463-472.

  46. References • USDA Community Food Security Assessment Toolkit http://www.ers.usda.gov/media/327699/efan02013_1_.pdf • ACL/AOA http://www.aoa.gov/AoARoot/AoA_Programs/OAA/index.aspx • USDA ERS-Food Security http://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/food-nutrition-assistance/food-security-in-the-us/measurement.aspx#survey

  47. References • Hunger and Nutrition in America: What’s at Stake for Children, Families and Older Adults - Generations United (2012) • Five Factors that Move the Needle on Reducing Food Insecurity- ConAgra Foods Foundation, Craig Gunderson (2012)

  48. Contact: • Linda Netterville • Linda@mowaa.org

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