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EVOLUTION

EVOLUTION. Change in populations over time. 108. Genetics Notebook Check (stamp) 109. Genetics Unit Test 110. Evolution Coach Notes: Lessons 20 and 21 (graded) 111.Types of Evolution 112. Evidence Evolution Occurred 113. Cladogram Lab 114.Biochemical Evolutionary Evidence

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EVOLUTION

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  1. EVOLUTION Change in populations over time

  2. 108. Genetics Notebook Check (stamp) 109. Genetics Unit Test 110. Evolution Coach Notes: Lessons 20 and 21 (graded) 111.Types of Evolution 112. Evidence Evolution Occurred 113.Cladogram Lab 114.Biochemical Evolutionary Evidence 115. Natural Selection Notes 116. Standardized Test Prep: Evolution (stamp on Thurs) 117. Peppered Moths Lab – multiple pages (will be graded) 118. Progress Report #8 – please get it signed! 119. Lamarck vs. Darwin (graded, did you hand this in?) 120. Evolution Practice Test 121. Evolution Quiz (May 2nd and 3rd) 122. Evolution Notebook Check

  3. # 110 Evolution coach notes • Complete Lessons 20 and 21 in Coach according to the assignment guidelines below. • Take notes on each main idea in outline. • Define listed vocabulary words. • Write q&a for four questions at the end of each less.

  4. Types of evolution #111 • Divergent evolution : one species splits into two or more that become less alike as they evolve. • Convergent evolution: two dissimilar species come to look like each other. • Co-evolution: Two species evolve together, so that they eventually come to benefit each other (also called parallel evolution)

  5. Evidence Evolution Occurred #112 • Fossils: traces of past life found in sedimentary rock • Relative dating: lowest layer of rock = oldest fossils • Absolute dating: uses radioactive isotopes, determine half-life • C-14’s half life = 5730 years • If 25% of C-14 is left in rock… • ½ 100% = 50% • ½ 50% = 25% • 2 half-lives gone by (5730 X 2 = 11,460 years) • Comparing Anatomy of different organisms • Homologous structures: similar (= related)

  6. All similar in structure!! NOT similar!

  7. Analogous structures: different (= NOT related) • bird vs. insect wings • Vestigial structures: no current purpose anymore • Examples: appendix, tailbone, wisdom teeth, muscles that move ear bones 3. Embryology: compare stages of development 4. Comparing biochemicals(DNA, proteins) of different organisms • APE: TTA CCG GGA GTT AAA • SNAKE: CTA GCA GGA CCC GTC • HUMAN: TTA CCG GGA GCC AAA

  8. What type of evolutionary evidence are these showing?

  9. What type of evolutionary evidence are these showing?

  10. Evolution Online Class Evolution Practice Questions

  11. CLADOGRAM Lab • ___________________________: the study of how groups of organisms are related to each other • Compare the ________________________________ of many different organisms • When different organisms share a large # of _________________________________ it is considered strong evidence that they are related to each other. • When organisms are related to each other, it means they must have had a common _____________________at some time in the past. • CLADOGRAM: • The more shared-derived structures two organisms share, the closer their evolutionary relationship is!!

  12. CLADOGRAM Lab • PHYLOGENY: the study of how groups of organisms are related to each other • Compare the ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES of many different organisms • When different organisms share a large # of HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURESit is considered strong evidence that they are related to each other. • When organisms are related to each other, it means they must have had a common ANCESTORat some time in the past. • CLADOGRAM: a diagram of branching lines which connectdifferent groups, showing their different degrees of relationship. • Also called "phylogenetic trees“ • The more shared-derived structures two organisms share, the closer their evolutionary relationship is!!

  13. Crushing mouthparts Jumping legs Curly antennae Double set of wings Has wings 6 legs Legs Segmented body

  14. X X X X X X X X X X

  15. HUMAN KANGAROO FROG SHARK Placenta Mammary Glands 2 Pairs Of Limbs Vertebrae

  16. X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 5 1 6 3 7 4 2

  17. Cladograms show relationships, common ancestors/origins, homologous structures BULLFROG KANGAROO HUMAN LAMPREY TUNA TURTLE MONKEY RAT IGUANA GOLD FISH Canine Teeth Short 2. Human & Monkey 3. Human & Lamprey Placenta Mammary Glands 4. Tuna Fish Amnion Paired Legs Paired Appendages Dorsal Nerve Cord

  18. REVIEW OF #110 COACH Lesson 20 • Darwin’s Theory of survival of the fittest! • How Evolution Occurs • Mutations • Gene flow (bringing new traits into gene pool; animals are more mobile than plants) • Genetic drift (differences in reproduction) • Bottleneck effect (natural disaster, etc decreases population sizes. • Nonrandom mating (courtship rituals, breeding territorities, etc.) • Results of Evolution • extinction, gradualism, punctuated equilibrium

  19. REVIEW OF #110 continued Lesson 21 • Speciation= formation of new species through evolution • occurs because of Geographic, Parapatric and Behavioral (Reproductive) isolations. • Know the difference!

  20. Lesson 20 Lesson 21 • A, oxygen • D, Organic compounds could form from simpler compounds • B, they photosynthesized • C, can breed to produce viable offspring • D, a long, cumulative process of adaptive mutations • B, organisms best suited to their environment will survive & reproduce • B, all mutations occur randomly • A, gene pool

  21. NATURAL SELECTION #115 • Howevolution occurs • Charles Darwin traveled to Galapagos Island and noted… • Finches on different islands differed (beaks) • LARGE fossils of many small animals today • Isolated species became different • Why does it occur? • 1) More offspring reproduce than can survive

  22. 2) There is competition for resources present 3) Organisms show variation in DNA 4) Certain variations (traits) are more favorable and more often inherited and passed on to the next generation • = SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST!! • Types of Natural Selection: • Stabilizing: allows for the average individuals to flourish in an environment • Directional: allows one EXTREME to flourish over the others in an environment (short, medium, tall) • Disruptive: occurs when two or more conditions are favored in an environment (usually opposite extremes)

  23. Examples of Directional Selection • Pesticide Resistance: • Some insects have slight mutations that make them immune to pesticides • Others die from pesticides, while the immune ones survive, flourish and reproduce. • Creates a major pesticide problem • Antibiotic Resistance: • Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections • Some bacteria are resistant to them and produce others that are also immune. • Antibiotics can become ineffective • Do not overuse or misuse antibiotics.

  24. Peppered moth lab #117

  25. Lamarck vs. Darwin Which will get food and why?

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