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Chapter 4 Study Guide. Thermal Energy Thermal energy is the energy of moving particles in matter The more thermal energy something has, the faster the particles move. Thermal energy is produced by many objects. For example, a toaster Thermal energy is known as heat. Ways To Produce Heat
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Chapter 4 Study Guide • Thermal Energy • Thermal energy is the energy of moving particles in matter • The more thermal energy something has, the faster the particles move. • Thermal energy is produced by many objects. For example, a toaster • Thermal energy is known as heat. Ways To Produce Heat 1.) FRICTION- a force that occurs when one object rubs against another object Ex.) rubbing your hands 2.) Electricity- toasters, electric ovens, hairdryers all use electricity to produce heat. 3. Mixing Matter- can a chemical change. Often when a chemical change occurs heat is given off 4. Burning fuels- campfires, burning oils, or natural gases all are used to produce heat. When an ice cube melts it gains thermal energy • Temperature • Temperature is the measure of how hot or cold something is • A thermometer is a tool that is used to measure temperature • A thermometer is measured in units called degrees. • *Fahrenheit and Celsius • The higher the liquid is in the tube the hotter it is • The lower the liquid is in the tube the colder it is A persons normal body temperature is 98 degrees. When you are sick and have a fever you could have a body temperature as high as 102 degrees!!!!
Convection Convection is the movement of heat through liquids and gases Ex.) heat from a pan warms the air above it. Movement of Heat Radiation Radiation is the movement of energy by waves. Ex) a lizard gets warm by laying in the sun. Conduction Conduction is the movement of heat from one solid to another when they touch. ex.) a stove heats up a frying pan. Conductors A conductor is any material that allows heat to move through it easily . ex) most metals, glass, and ceramic Conductors are used to cook food. Insulators An insulator is any material that does not allow heat to move through it easily. ex) wood, paper, rubber, and plastic Fiberglass is an insulator that is used to keep houses warmer in the winter. An oven mitt is an insulator. People wear oven mitts to keep their hands from the heat of a pan. Dark colors absorb waves (get hot fast) Light colors reflect waves (do not get hot fast)
