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Object’s in Motion Study Guide – Chapter 4. Define and explain the difference between speed and velocity. Define and explain the difference between displacement and distance. What is acceleration?
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Object’s in Motion Study Guide – Chapter 4 • Define and explain the difference between speed and velocity. • Define and explain the difference between displacement and distance. • What is acceleration? • What is the difference between change in velocity and constant velocity. Sketch X-t and v-t graph as example. • Displacement __________ ___________ _______________ • Distance ___________ ___________ _______________ • Acceleration _______ ___________ _______________ • Constant velocity _______ ___________ _______________ • Change in velocity _______ ___________ _______________ • Speed _______ ___________ _______________ • Time _______ ___________ _______________ • Constant acceleration _______ ___________ _______________ • There are two equations we use when we have constant acceleration – horizontal or free fall (vertical) motion. Write the two equations. • What is the equations for constant velocity? • Displacement example problem: • A truck moves 70 m east, then moves 120 m west, and finally moves east again a distance of 90 m. If east is chosen as the positive direction, what is the truck's resultant displacement? • 40 m • -40 m • 280 m • -280 m Determine the SI unit for each quantity and determine if it is a vector or scalar quantity. SI unit Vector Scalar
16. If a car is moving southward with a constant velocity, what direction is its velocity? • 17. If a car starts from rest then reaches a max velocity of 60 mi/hr in the positive direction, which direction is its acceleration? • 18. If a car starts from rest then reaches a max velocity of 60 mi/hr in the negative direction, which direction is its acceleration? • 19. If a car is traveling in the positive direction with a velocity of 60 mi/hr before coming to rest, which direction is its acceleration? • 20. How can a car be traveling at a constant speed but have a change in velocity? • What is a free falling object? How is it different than object traveling in the horizontal direction? • If a ball is tossed in the air, at max height, what is its acceleration and velocity? • A ball falling from a roof will have a positive or negative velocity? What is its acceleration? • A car is traveling with a constant velocity northbound. What is its average velocity if it travels 200 mi in 2.3 hour. Final answer in sig figs. Don’t forget units. • A car is traveling with a speed of 45 m/s southbound. How far di the car travel in 245 seconds? Final answer in sig figs. Don’t forget units. Problem Solving
Problem Solving • 27. A penny is dropped from a building in 34.2 seconds. How tall is the building? • 28. You drop a water balloon from a building. It takes the balloon 0.89s to reach the ground. How far did you drop it. • A car starting from rest accelerates in the positive direction at 2.5 m/s2 in 1.2s. How far di the car travel during this time? • A car starting from rest reaches a max velocity of 55mi/hr in 0.22 hr. What is the car’s acceleration during the 0.22hr? • A dog runs in positive direction with initial speed of 2.3m/s. In 6.0s it reaches a speed of 4.3m/s, what is the dog’s acceleration? • How many hours in a minute? • How many seconds in an hour? • How many kilometers in a meter? • How many cm in a meter? • Below is two position (x) vs. Time (t) graph. Units are meters and seconds respectively. Answer the following questions for each graph: • Is the object traveling in the positive or negative direction. • What is the velocity (slope) of each graph? • What is the acceleration of each graph?
31. Below is two position (x) vs. Time (t) graph. Units are meters and seconds respectively. Answer the following questions for each graph: • Is the object traveling in the positive or negative direction. • Does the object have constant velocity or constant acceleration?
