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The Atmosphere: Part 7: The Extratropical Circulation

The Atmosphere: Part 7: The Extratropical Circulation. Composition / Structure Radiative transfer Vertical and latitudinal heat transport Atmospheric circulation Climate modeling. Suggested further reading: Holton, An Introduction to Dynamical Meteorology (Academic Press, 1979).

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The Atmosphere: Part 7: The Extratropical Circulation

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  1. The Atmosphere:Part 7: The Extratropical Circulation • Composition / Structure • Radiative transfer • Vertical and latitudinalheat transport • Atmospheric circulation • Climate modeling Suggested further reading: Holton, An Introduction to Dynamical Meteorology (Academic Press, 1979)

  2. Roles of atmosphere and ocean net ocean atmosphere Trenberth & Caron (2001)

  3. Circulation in our 2D model Ω f > 0 f = 0 f < 0

  4. Hadley Cell T = Te Plenty of APE in middle and high latitudes

  5. Experiment on rotating table with imposed temperature gradient cold water bath hot water bath working fluid rotating turntable

  6. Rapid rotation — baroclinic instability

  7. Atmospheric heat transport extratropics — eddy transport tropics — direct overturning

  8. Atmospheric heat transport } Warm air upward and poleward Cold air downward and equatorward Efficient poleward heat transport

  9. Roles of atmosphere and ocean net ocean atmosphere Trenberth & Caron (2001)

  10. Angular momentum budget Low level westerlies — loss of AM to surface through friction Low level easterlies — gain of AM from surface through friction

  11. Atmospheric angular momentum transport

  12. Observed angular momentum transport total transient eddies stationary eddies (mean circulation)

  13. Eddy angular momentum transport

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