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Explore Jewish life in Europe before the Holocaust, the rise of Nazi Germany, and the horrors faced by millions during WWII. Learn about the discrimination, racism, and the tragic fate of victims in ghettos and concentration camps.
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Unit 2:“The Diary of Anne Frank” Literature Connections 8 Miss Tangas
Pre-reading Journal If you were forced to leave your home quickly, within a few hours, to go to an unknown place what would you bring with you and why? You can bring only what you can carry! Confine your choices to a backpack.
Jewish Life in Europe Before the Holocaust • Before the Nazis came into power in Germany • in 1933, Jews were living in every country in • Europe. • Before the Holocaust, there were roughly 9 • million Jews occupying 21 European • countries. By the end of WWII, 2 out of 3 Jews • would be dead.
Hitler Comes to Power • Germany was defeated and humiliated 15 • years earlier during WWI. • The country was in a poor economic state. • Adolf Hitler and his party, the National • Socialist German Workers Party, or Nazi for • short, and promised a new and “glorious” • Germany.
The Nazi Terror Begins • Hitler called a state of emergency to end all • individual freedoms including: • The freedom of press, speech, and • assembly • Right to privacy: officials could read mail • and listen to phone conversations • Those who spoke in opposition of the Nazi • party were arrested or killed.
Antisemitism • Antisemitism is prejudice and discrimination • against Jews. • Rulers placed restrictions on Jews holding • certain jobs or owning land. • Jews also became scapegoats and were • blamed for causing the “Black Death” (plague).
Nazi Racism • To be Aryan was to be perfect—blond hair, • blue eyes, and tall. • Beginning in 1933, German doctors were • allowed to perform sterilizations on Gypsies, • the handicapped, mentally ill, deaf, or blind, to • prevent them from having children.
The Boycott of Jewish Business • On April 1, 1933, the Nazis carried out the first • nationwide, planned action: a boycott of • Jewish businesses. • The boycott lasted • just a day, but it • marked the • beginning of wave of • discrimination.
The Downfall • Nazi propaganda & censorship: viewpoints in • any way threatening to Nazi beliefs or to the • regime were censored or eliminated from all • media • The Nuremberg Race • Laws: new laws that • made Jews second-class • citizens by taking away • voting and other rights
Locating the Victims • In 1939 the German government conducted a • census to record each person’s age, sex, • residence, profession, religion, and marital • status. The information from the census helped • Nazi officials create a Jewish Registry to • indentify and locate all the Jews.
Ghettos in Eastern Europe • Ghettos were sections of towns and cities marked-off for residency by Jews only. • The largest ghetto was in Warsaw, the Polish • capital, where almost half a million Jews were • confined. • Many of the ghettos • were enclosed by • barbed wire fences • or walls.
Concentration Camps • Surviving the train ride to • the concentration camp was • half the battle. • Once at a concentration • camp, there were 2 lines for “life” and “death”. • Many people were tricked into taking showers • to rid their hair of lice only to be gassed once • inside. • Bodies were burned in crematoria or buried in • mass graves.
