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Advancements in Distillation Techniques: A Comprehensive Overview of Complex Column Design

This seminar presentation by Daniel Beneke discusses essential advancements in the design of complex separation systems. Key topics include the Rectification Body Method (RBM) for zeotropic and azeotropic distillation problems using acetone, benzene, and chloroform. The significance of pinch analysis and Lyapunov's theorem in characterizing the stability of complex column designs is highlighted. Limitations of RBM are discussed alongside potential improvements for future applications. This review is intended for professionals in chemical engineering and process design focused on enhancing separation efficiency.

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Advancements in Distillation Techniques: A Comprehensive Overview of Complex Column Design

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  1. Research Update Daniel Beneke LPPD Seminar 10/28/2009

  2. Layout • Semester Plan • Rectification Body Method • Uses and Limitations • Imaginary topology for real columns • Non-Ideal and Higher order systems

  3. Semester plan • Literature review of current separation system design (RBM & Topology) • Thermodynamics of processes • Assisting in Complex Column Design (CPM topology) • Identification and implementation of a Zeotropic distillation problem • Identification and implementation of an Azeotropic distillation problem

  4. Rectification Body Method Acetone/ Benzene/Chloroform 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 Benzene 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Acetone

  5. Rectification Body Method Acetone/ Benzene/Chloroform 1 0.9 Distillate Pinch 0.8 0.7 0.6 Benzene 0.5 0.4 Bottoms Pinch 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Acetone RBM shows intersection, but profiles don’t intersect!

  6. Rectification Body MethodUses • No integration is required – only pinch equations • Quick tool to ESTIMATE minimum reflux • Useful for ESTIMATING product feasibility

  7. Rectification Body MethodLimitations • Major assumptions are linear faces of RBM’s • Accuracy of method decreases considerably with non-ideal mixtures • Estimated Mininum Reflux is inaccurate • Cannot be used as a feasibility test

  8. Topological analysis of CPMs • Pinch Points occur at F=0 • Lyapunov’s theorem is used to determine the nature of Pinch Points • Lyapunov’s theorem: Signs of the eigenvalues (λ) of Jacobian(F) determine nature of nodes

  9. Topological analysis of CPMs • λ1& λ2>0 → Unstable Node • λ1& λ2<0 → Stable Node • λ1>0 & λ2<0 → Saddle Point • Hybrid Nodes form when λ1,2=0 • λ1,2 =a±ib, and a>0 → Stable Focus • λ1,2 =a±ib, and a<0 → Unstable Focus • λ1,2 =a±ib, and a=0 → Midpoint

  10. Topological analysis of CPMs 1.5 Xd =1.15 0.25 Rd =2.5 red X = stable node 1 1.5 Xd =1.15 0.25 Rd =2.4 x2 0.5 blue v = stable focus 1 0 x2 0.5 red sq = saddle point red O = unstable node -0.5 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 x1 0 -0.5 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 x1

  11. Topological analysis of CPMs 1.5 Xd =1.2309 -0.4152 Rd =2.4 1.5 1 Xd =1.2695 -0.4958 Rd =2.4 1 x2 0.5 x2 0.5 0 blue = unstable focus 0 -0.5 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 x1 Even though we have complex roots, profiles are still legitimate -0.5 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 x1

  12. Topological analysis of CPMs 1.5 Xd =1.1556 -0.086 Rd =0.5761 1 x2 0.5 0 -0.5 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 x1

  13. Topological analysis of CPMs Xd =0.9441 -0.013 Rd =0.47489 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 x2 0.4 Hybrid stable/saddle 0.2 0 unstable node -0.2 -0.4 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 x1

  14. Topological analysis of CPMs Acetone/Benzene/ Chloroform 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 Benzene 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 Acetone

  15. 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8 1 1 x2 Quaternary complex columns x3 x1

  16. Quaternary complex columns

  17. Zeotropic problem 1 Benzene/Toluene/Phenol 0.9 0.8 Hydrogen-bonds in Phenol + Hydrocarbons cause non-idealities 0.7 0.6 Phenol 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Benzene

  18. Azeotropic problem Acetone/Methanol/Water • A/M Azeotrope is a well-studied problem in azeotropic distillation • Water used to as extractive agent to separate A/M azeotrope 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 Water 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Acetone

  19. Implementation • For Temperature Collocation & needs to be known • Code has been written for easy implementation to existing code

  20. Future work • Review Thermodynamics of processes • Learn GAMS for solving non-linear equations • Continual Distillation Review • Assist in rigorous Complex Column Design • Implementation of Zeotropic code • General user interface Matlab code for producing CPMs

  21. 1.5 1 x2 0.5 0 -0.5 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 x1 Topological analysis of CPMs Rd =2.4 stable focus unstable focus stable node unstable node saddle point

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