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Logo for Beginners

This guide explores the basics of Logo, a programming language developed by MIT for simulating control systems. It covers fundamental concepts such as commands for moving a turtle-shaped cursor, how to create geometric figures (like squares and circles), and the use of variables and procedures in Logo programming. It demonstrates practical applications of control systems, such as temperature and humidity control in various industries. Additionally, it provides resources for downloading MSWLogo, a user-friendly version of Logo.

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Logo for Beginners

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  1. Logo for Beginners By Chris 9S

  2. What are control systems • A control system uses microprocessors to control physical conditions. • This is used for: • Air condition • Central Heating • Medical Applications • Car Manufacture plants • Process Control

  3. Physical Conditions (or variables) that are controlled by microprocessors are: • Temperature • Pressure • Humidity • Light • Moisture

  4. What is Logo? • Logo is a simulation of a control system • It uses a triangular turtle shape as its cursor • It is a program developed by MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

  5. Some Basic Commands • fd= moves turtle forward e.g. fd 40 • bk= moves turtle backward e.g. bk 50 • rt= rotates turtle right e.g. rt 70 • lt= rotates turtle left e.g. lt 90 • pu= pen up • pd= pen down

  6. How to make a square? • fd 80 • rt 90 • fd 80 • rt 90 • fd 80 • rt 90 • fd 80 • rt 90 or repeat 4 [fd 80 rt 90]

  7. Repeat Command • The repeat command is used when you want to repeat a structure commands again and again e.g. any polygon • To use ‘repeat’ in logo, you need to know by what angle you need to turn the turtle. • You would need to do 360/(number of sides). • E.g. Hexagon angle= 360/6= 60

  8. This means that you would do type in: • repeat 6 [fd 80 rt 60] • Note: don’t use these brackets: () and {} • Always use this bracket: []

  9. How to draw a circle • To draw a circle, you would type: • repeat 360 [fd 1 rt 1]

  10. Procedures • A procedure is a single command that you would type in the command box and it will produce a series of commands to produce a drawing e.g. “house”

  11. Sub-routine • A sub-routine is a series of commands that you would put in the procedure e.g. circle • The following sub-routines were used to build the house + + + = Small Circle for the knob Pentagon for the house door Square for body of house Triangle for roof

  12. Variables • A Variable is a numeric data that can be keep on changing e.g. numerical data in a cell in Microsoft Excel. • Variables are useful when they are more or less amount of numbers appear e.g. clients in a cliental list

  13. Variables in MSWLOGO • When using the repeat command in LOGO, you can change the length of the square without having to keep going to Edall and changing the length • Ex. If you would want to do a square, copu into edall: • To square :length repeat 4 [fd:length rt 90] end • To make the square of length 100 you insert “square 100” in the command box

  14. Where to get MSWLOGO • This Website: http://mswlogo.en.softonic.com/ • Its free and virus-free!

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