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Citations

Citations. Legal Research & Writing I PAR 111 Mike Brigner, J.D. Today 4 Things. Why do we need a Citation Manual? Intro to the Ohio Manual of Citations An introduction to the most frequent citation forms In-Class Activity. Why a Citation Manual?.

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Citations

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  1. Citations Legal Research & Writing I PAR 111 Mike Brigner, J.D.

  2. Today 4 Things • Why do we need a Citation Manual? • Intro to the Ohio Manual of Citations • An introduction to the most frequent citation forms • In-Class Activity

  3. Why a Citation Manual? • Purpose is to guide legal writers in proper formatting and style in: • Court documents – main text • Court documents – footnotes/endnotes • Legal memoranda • Law review articles • Etc.

  4. How Would We Cite? • Joe case? • Joe versus Abe? • Plaintiff Joe against Defendant Abe? • 1995 Joe v. Abe, Vol. 16, Page 44? • West Pub. Joe vs. Abe, 16/44? • Ohio Cases – Joe v. Abe, 1995-16-44? • Civil/States/Ohio: 16 Joe vs. Abe 44? • 16 Ohio State Supreme Court 44?

  5. Why a Citation Manual? Within your doc point reader to Source Document Your Document In the proper format to correctly identify the Source Document

  6. What Is Covered? • CITATIONS: Citation manuals explain how to write citations (in your legal memorandum, for example) in a uniform manner for other sources you are citing to: • Cases • Statutes, Constitutions • Rules, Newspapers, Books • Law Review Articles, Regulations

  7. What Is Covered? • STYLE: Citation manuals also explain legal writing style rules for such items as: • Abbreviations • Capitalization • Symbols • Latin words • Quotations

  8. Introduction to • The Ohio Citation Manual • This is the Citation Bible for this Quarter

  9. NOT The Bluebook NOT The ALWD Manual This Quarter We Use The Ohio Citation Manual Almost identical to ALWD, but hard to read We will learn in PAR 112

  10. Before Next You Sleep • Read: • 1992 Ohio Citation Manual • Pages 3-26 (.PDF pages 5-27) • 2002 Revisions to Ohio Manual • Pages 1-9 • Both are available at External Links (My.Sinclair) or Ohio Supreme Court (http://www.sconet.state.oh.us/ROD/ ) • Read all of Quick Referenceto Ohio Manual: • http://people.sinclair.edu/mikebrigner/

  11. Next, Third Thing • An introduction to the most frequent citation forms. This will take a while.

  12. Citing Case Law • Italicize (or underscore) names of cases in text of documents • Case citations must include • Name of Case • Year Case Decided • Where to Find Case • Court that Decided Case

  13. Citing Case Law • How to organize a citation: • See Ohio Manual, top of p. 3 • Memorize the punctuation, order, & spacing for each type of citation • Joe v. Abe (1995), 16 Ohio St.2d 44, 23 N.E.2d 345 • Other case reporters (OBR, O.Ops., etc.), go just before N.E.

  14. Citing Case Law • For all Ohio cases after May 1, 2002, add Ohio’s WebCite. • Format = Year dash “Ohio” dash case number: • Jill v. Deb, 106 Ohio St.3d 88, 2002-Ohio-2118, 213 N.E.2d 456

  15. Citing Case Law • Unpublished (aka “unreported”) Opinions • All cases decided before May 1, 2002: • State v. Jones (Jan. 1, 2002), Franklin App. No. 99APE01-1234, unreported • All cases decided after May 1, 2002: • Brown v. McClain, 3d Dist. No. 16-01-19, 2002-Ohio-2834

  16. Citing Case Law • Pinpoint citations: • Joe v. Abe (1995), 16 Ohio St.2d 44, 47, 23 N.E.2d 345 • Ohio cases published after May 1, 2002: • Jill v. Deb, 106 Ohio St.3d 88, 2002-Ohio-2118, 213 N.E.2d 456, at ¶30-31 • Brown v. McClain, 3d Dist. No. 16-01-19, 2002-Ohio-2834, at ¶61

  17. Citing a State Statute • Statutory citations: • See Ohio Manual, top of p. 22 • Memorize the punctuation, order, & spacing for each type of citation • R.C. Title 29 • R.C. Chapter 2947 • R.C. 2947.33 • R.C. 2947.33(B)

  18. Citing Atty Gen Opinions • Ohio Attorney General Opinions format • See Ohio Manual, at 18-19 • Ohio Manual uses this format: • 1971 Ohio Atty.Gen.Ops. No. 71-079 • 1971 Ohio Atty.Gen.Ops. No. 71-079, at 47 • Ohio Attorney General’s office uses: • 1981 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 81‑039

  19. Citing Administrative Rules • Ohio Administrative Rules • See Ohio Manual at 19 • Memorize Ohio Manual format: • Ohio Adm.Code 5324-2-5(B) • Ohio Adm.Code 109:4-3-09 • Ohio Adm.Code 104:1-7-04 et seq.

  20. Citing Legal Encyclopedias • Ohio Jurisprudence • See Ohio Manual at 17 • Memorize Ohio Manual format: • 39 Ohio Jurisprudence 2d (1989) 343, Juries, Section 27 • 19 Ohio Jurisprudence 3d (1988, Supp.1999), Criminal Law, Sections 1202-1214

  21. Citing Court Rules • Ohio Court Rules • See Ohio Manual at 20-21 • Memorize Ohio Manual format: • App.R. 9 • Civ.R. 60(B) • Crim.R. 44 • Evid.R. 601

  22. Citing Lexis & Westlaw Cases • Lexis and Westlaw cites are NOT part of official citation format • When case is published only on Lexis or Westlaw, follow this format: • White v. C.J. Coakley Co., 1999 Va. App. LEXIS 261 (May 4, 1999) • Young v. Apfel, 1999 WL 325026 (N.D. Ind. May 19, 1999)

  23. 4th Thing: In Class Activity

  24. Citations Concluded Thank You Mike Brigner, J.D.

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