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Principles of Contraception

Principles of Contraception. Barrier methods Hormonal methods Natural methods Surgical methods. Reversible Contraceptives. Oral contraceptives Contraceptive implants Injectable contraceptives Emergency contraception Intrauterine device (IUD) Male condom.

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Principles of Contraception

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  1. Principles of Contraception • Barrier methods • Hormonal methods • Natural methods • Surgical methods

  2. Reversible Contraceptives • Oral contraceptives • Contraceptive implants • Injectable contraceptives • Emergency contraception • Intrauterine device (IUD) • Male condom

  3. Reversible Contraceptives Continued • Female condom • Diaphragm • Cervical cap • Contraceptive sponge • Vaginal spermicides • Abstinence, fertility awareness & withdrawal • Combining methods

  4. Permanent Contraception: Sterilization • Vasectomy • Tubal sterilization • Hysterectomy

  5. Considerations for Choosing a Contraceptive Method • Health risks • Implications of unplanned pregnancy • STD risk • Convenience and comfort level • Type of relationship • Ease and cost of obtaining and maintaining • Religious or philosophical beliefs

  6. The Abortion Issue • Definitions: Abortion, spontaneous abortion • History of abortion • Current legal status • Moral considerations • Public opinion • Current trends

  7. Current Legal Status • Roe v. Wade (1973) • Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1989) • Planned Parenthood of SE PA v. Casey (1992)

  8. The Pro-Life Position • Believes that a fertilized egg is a human being from the moment of conception and therefore, that abortion is murder • Argues the moral obligation to an unplanned pregnancy • Recommends adoption for women unable or unwilling to raise a child • Holds that abortion has a destructive effect on our traditional values and morals

  9. The Pro-Choice Position • Argues that there are distinct stages of fetal development and that preserving the fetus early in pregnancy is not the ultimate moral concern • Says that women should make their own decisions about the outcome of pregnancies • Suggests that if abortions were not legal, women would again resort to unsafe methods • Predicts that only women with financial resources would be able to travel for legal abortions • Believes that some physicians would have to break the law to act on their convictions

  10. Methods of Abortion • Suction curettage (vacuum aspiration) • Manual vacuum aspiration • Dilation and evacuation (D & E)

  11. Complications of Abortion • Possible physical effects • Negative physical effects are reduced with good patient health, early timing, use of the suction method and local anesthetic, a trained clinician to perform the procedure, and proper follow-up care. • Possible psychological effects • Responses vary, but studies have not shown any positive or negative long-term impact on mental health.

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