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Grammar Pre - intermediate

Grammar Pre - intermediate. Present Perfect x Past Simple. Introduction. John is looking for his key. He can’t find it. He has lost his key. He hasn’t his key now. John has found his key. He has it. Has he lost it? No, he has found it. Did he lost it? Yes, he did .

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Grammar Pre - intermediate

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  1. GrammarPre-intermediate Present Perfect x Past Simple

  2. Introduction John is looking for his key. He can’t find it. He has lost his key. He hasn’t his key now. Johnhas found his key. He has it. Has he lost it? No, he has found it. Did he lost it? Yes, he did. He lost his key (Past Simple) but now he has found it (Present Perfect). At 3 p.m. Later: at 4 p.m.

  3. Compare • John has lost his key. = he doesn’t have his key now. = PRESENT. = the tense Present Perfect. • Johnlost his key. = we don’t know: ‘Does he have his key or not?’ = something happened in the PAST. = the tense Past Simple.

  4. Compare PresentPerfect Past Simple • Johnhas lost his key. = He can’t get into the house. • Is Adele here or hassheleft? = The time is NOT important. • Johnlosthis key yesterday. = He couldn’t get into the house. • WhendidAdeleleave? = The time IS important.

  5. have done x did • I have done a lot of work today. = the day is continuing, I probably can do much more work. • I did a lot of work yesterday. = the day is over. It is impossible to do any work yesterday.

  6. Examples • It hasn’t rained this week. • Have you seen Jane recently? • Have you written many letters this morning? (Still is morning.) • Peter lives in Ostrava. He has lived there for seven years. • I’venever eaten snails. • It didn’t rain last weekend. • Did you see Jane on Sunday? • Did you write many letters this morning? (It’s the afternoon.) • Peter lived in Opavaseven years ago. Now he lives in Ostrava. • I ate snails last holidays in France.

  7. New and next information • We use the Present Perfect to give new information. • If we continue to talk about it, we normally use the Past Simple. Look! Somebody has spilt something on the tablecloth. Oh, it wasn’tme. I didn’t do it.

  8. Literatura • MURPHY, R. EnglishGrammar in Use. 3. vyd. Cambridge: CUP, 2004. ISBN 0-521-53762-2. • CLARKE, S. Macmillan English Grammar In Context Essential. 1. vyd. Oxford: Macmillan Publisher Ltd, 2008.ISBN 978-1-5040-7049-2.

  9. Put the verb into correct form: Have you heard about Ben? He..............(break) his arm. Really? How.......that.....? (happen) He.....(fall) off ladder.

  10. Děkuji za pozornost.

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