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Cell Structures, Functions and Transport

Cell Structures, Functions and Transport. Types of Cells. Prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells. Simplest cells No membranes around their nuclear material (DNA and RNA, genetic material) Prokaryotes include bacteria and some pond scum. Eukaryotic cells.

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Cell Structures, Functions and Transport

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  1. Cell Structures, Functions and Transport

  2. Types of Cells • Prokaryotic cells • Eukaryotic cells

  3. Prokaryotic cells • Simplest cells • No membranes around their nuclear material (DNA and RNA, genetic material) • Prokaryotes include bacteria and some pond scum

  4. Eukaryotic cells • Eukaryotic cells have membranes around their nuclear material • Membrane bound organelles • Eukaryotes include protists, fungi, plants, and animals (almost all organisms)

  5. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Section 7-2 Go to Section:

  6. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Section 7-2 Cell Membrane Go to Section:

  7. Cell membrane

  8. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function • Cell Membrane • Nickname: “The Gatekeeper” • Function: forms outer boundary of the cell allows only certain materials to move into and out of the cell • Parts: made up of a double layer of fats with some proteins scattered throughout

  9. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Cell Membrane Go to Section:

  10. Cell membrane Cytoplasm

  11. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function • Cytoplasm • Gel-like material inside the cell membrane and outside the nucleus • Function: contains water, chemicals, and the various cell organelles • Cytoplasm constantly moves or streams

  12. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Nucleus Cell Membrane Nuclear Membrane Go to Section:

  13. Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Nucleolus Nuclear envelope/membrane

  14. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function • Nucleus • Nickname: “The Control Center” • Function: holds the DNA • Parts: • Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of the nucleus that helps make ribosomes • Nuclear envelope/membrane: surrounds nucleus in eukaryotic cells, has pores to let material in and out of the nucleus

  15. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function • Nucleus • Parts: • Chromatin: Strands of genetic material found in the nucleus, made of protein and DNA

  16. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Nucleus Cell Membrane Nuclear Membrane Mitochondria

  17. Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Nucleolus Nuclear envelope/membrane Mitochondria

  18. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function • Mitochondria • Nickname: “The Powerhouse” • Function: Energy formation • Breaks down food to make ATP • ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that require energy

  19. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Ribosomes Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Nuclear membrane Mitochondria Go to Section:

  20. Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Nucleolus Nuclear envelope/membrane Ribosomes Mitochondria

  21. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function • Ribosomes • Function: makes proteins • Found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic

  22. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Ribosomes Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Nuclear Membrane Mitochondria Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Go to Section:

  23. Cell membrane Cytoplasm Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Nucleus Nucleolus Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Nuclear envelope/membrane Ribosomes Mitochondria

  24. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) • Nickname: “Roads” • Function: The internal delivery system of the cell

  25. Endoplasmic Reticulum • 2 Types: • Rough ER: • Rough appearance because it has ribosomes on its surface • Function: helps make proteins, that’s why it has ribosomes • Smooth ER: • NO ribosomes • Function: makes fats or lipids

  26. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Ribosomes Ribosomes Nucleolus Nucleus Cell Membrane Nuclear membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Complex Go to Section:

  27. Cell membrane Cytoplasm Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Nucleus Nucleolus Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Nuclear envelope/membrane Ribosomes Golgi Body Mitochondria

  28. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function • Golgi Complex (Golgi Body) • Nickname: The shippers • Function: packages, modifies, and transports materials to different location inside/outside of the cell • Appearance: stack of pancakes • Structure: stack of membrane-covered sacs

  29. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Ribosomes Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Nuclear Membrane Mitochondria Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Body Go to Section:

  30. Cell membrane Cytoplasm Lysosome Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Nucleus Nucleolus Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Nuclear envelope/membrane Ribosomes Golgi Body Mitochondria

  31. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function • Lysosomes: circular, but bigger than ribosomes • Nickname: “Clean-up Crews” • Function: to break down food into particles the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells

  32. Cell membrane Lysosome Cytoplasm Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Nucleus Nucleolus Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Nuclear envelope/membrane Ribosomes Vacuole Golgi Body Mitochondria

  33. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function • Vacuoles • Function: Help store things • Vacuoles in animal cells are usually small sacs

  34. Animal Cell Cytoplasm Ribosomes Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Nuclear Membrane Mitochondria Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies Centrioles

  35. Cell membrane Centriole (only 1 is shown) Lysosome Cytoplasm Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Nucleus Nucleolus Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Nuclear envelope/membrane Ribosomes Golgi Body Mitochondria

  36. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function • Centrioles • Function: Help with cell division • Only found in animal cells • Look like two small bundles of spaghettiarranged perpendicularto each other

  37. Now let’s talk about structures only found in PLANT Cells!!

  38. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Plant Cell Section 7-2 Vacuole Cell Membrane Go to Section:

  39. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function • Vacuoles • Function: stores water • This is what makes lettuce crisp • When there is no water, the plant wilts • Animal cells have vacuoles to provide temporary storage • Vacuoles in animal cells are smaller than plant vacuoles

  40. Vacuole

  41. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Plant Cell Section 7-2 Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Go to Section:

  42. Vacuole Chloroplast

  43. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function • Chloroplasts • Function: traps energy from the sun to produce food for the plant cell • Green in color because of chlorophyll, which is a green pigment

  44. Chloroplasts

  45. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Plant Cell Section 7-2 Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Cell Wall Go to Section:

  46. Cell wall

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