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Understanding Subatomic Particles: Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons Explained

Subatomic particles are the building blocks of atoms, consisting of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons carry a positive charge, neutrons are neutral, and electrons carry a negative charge, with their relative masses playing a crucial role in defining atomic structure. The atomic number, representing the number of protons, is unique to each element, while the mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons. This chapter discusses isotopes and how to calculate the number of neutrons, using Gold-197 as an example, giving insights into atomic structure and stability.

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Understanding Subatomic Particles: Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons Explained

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 4

  2. What are subatomic particles? • Are parts of matter that make up atoms. • protons, electrons, and neutrons

  3. subatomic particles Particle Symbol Charge Mass Proton p+ 1+ 1 Neutron n 0 1 Electron e- 1-

  4. Atomic Number • Is the number of protons in an atom. • all atoms of an element have the same number of protons • Each element has a unique atomic number

  5. atoms are neutral • the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons • the charges balance

  6. Mass Number • is the total number of protons plus neutrons. • For example Oxygen contains 8 protons and 8 neutrons so its mass number is 16 • to find the number of neutrons subtract the number atomic number from the mass number. • number of neutrons = mass number - atomic number.

  7. How many neutrons does Gold-197 have? • gold has a atomic number of 79 and a mass number of 197. • number of neutrons = mass number - atomic number • number of neutrons = 197 – 79 • number of neutrons = 118

  8. Isotopes • are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. • isotopes have different mass numbers • to distinguish isotopes, isotopes are referred to by there mass numbers • Example Oxygen-16 and Oxygen-17 • Oxygen-16 has 8 p+ and 8 n • Oxygen-17 has 8 p+ and 9 n

  9. Home work • Section 4.2 work sheet • Read section 4.3 page 113 - 118

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