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Chapter 9

Chapter 9. The Recovery and Growth of European Society in the High Middle Ages. Timeline. Land and People in the High Middle Ages. Population Growth Increased security Agricultural production rises The New Agriculture Improved climate More arable land Technological improvements

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Chapter 9

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  1. Chapter 9 The Recovery and Growth of European Society in the High Middle Ages

  2. Timeline

  3. Land and People in the High Middle Ages • Population Growth • Increased security • Agricultural production rises • The New Agriculture • Improved climate • More arable land • Technological improvements • Carruca (heavy wheeled plow) • New horse collar • Power of water and air harnessed • Three field-system • Higher food prices • Free peasants

  4. Life of the Peasantry • Activities determined by the seasons • Religious Feast Days and the Church • Lifestyle • Wooden cottage • Limited privacy • Women • Simple but nutritious diet • Ale and the consumption of alcohol

  5. The Aristocracy of the High Middle Ages • Aristocracy: Kings, dukes, counts, barons, viscounts, bishops and archbishops • Held extensive lands and power • Men of War • Warriors and the church • Peace of God, Truce of God, Crusades • Castles • Aristocratic Women • Childhood • Powerful women • The Way of the Warrior • Training • Chivalry • Tournaments

  6. Marriage Patterns of the Aristocracy • The Politics of Marriage • Men married in their thirties, women in their mid-teens • Divorce and Annulment

  7. The New World of Trade and Cities • The Revival of Trade • Italian Cities • Ties with the Byzantine Empire • Flanders • Wool trade • Fairs of Champagne • Emergence of Money Economy

  8. Map 9.1: Medieval Trade Routes

  9. The Growth of Cities • Revival of trade leads to growth of cities • Many new cities and towns founded beginning in tenth century • City dwellers need freedom not serfdom • Charters of Liberties • City Government • City Council • Regulations • City Size

  10. Fortified City of Carcassone – Southern France

  11. Life & Industry in the Medieval City • Life in the Medieval City • Surrounded by stone walls and prone to fire • Artisans and merchants • Unpleasant environment • Dirty • Public Baths • Women • Industry in Medieval Cities • Manufacturing • Guilds • Apprentices, journeymen and masters

  12. The Rise of Universities Educational Guilds Early Universities First University in Bologna – Law (c. 1158) University of Paris (c. 1200) Oxford and Cambridge (1208 - 1209) Liberal Arts Curriculum Trivium Quadrivium Lectures and Books Exams Bachelor of Arts Master of Arts Advanced degrees in law, medicine or theology Violence The Intellectual and Artistic World of the High Middle Ages

  13. Map 9.2: Intellectual Centers of Medieval Europe

  14. Cambridge University - England

  15. Classical Antiquity & Scholasticism • A Revival of Classical Antiquity • Interest in the work of Greeks and Romans • Greek science and philosophy • The role of the Muslim world • Translations • Commentaries • The Development of Scholasticism • Theology – “Queen of the Sciences” • Reconciliation of faith and reason • Abelard (1079 – 1142) • Realists and nominalists • Aristotle and Christianity • Saint Thomas Aquinas (1225 – 1274) • Summa Theologica

  16. The Revival of Roman Law • Rediscovery of the Corpus Iuris Civilis • Pavia and Bologna • Appeal of Roman Law • Development of European Legal System

  17. Literature in the High Middle Ages • Latin • Vernacular Literature • Troubadour poetry • Chanson de Geste • The Song of Roland (c. 1100) • The Courtly Romance

  18. Romanesque Architecture: “A White Mantle of Churches” • Explosion of Building • Romanesque Style • Rectangular basilicas • Vaults • Massive walls

  19. Entrance to Saint Madeleine in Vézelay A Romanesque Church

  20. Il Duomo, Florence’s Romanesque Cathedral

  21. Abbey of Mont-Saint-Michel – Normandy

  22. The Gothic Cathedral • Ribbed Vaults and Pointed Arches • Flying Buttress • Stained Glass • Saint Denis (c. 1140 – c. 1150) • Communal Project

  23. Bayeaux Cathedral in Normandy – A Gothic Church

  24. The Gothic basilica at Assisi - Italy

  25. Discussion Questions • What were some of the factors that contributed to the revival of European society after the year 1000? • What role did chivalry play in the lifestyle of the aristocracy? • Why were Italian cities like Venice so important in the revival of trade? • How did medieval universities originate? • What is meant by scholasticism? • What led to the transition from Romanesque to Gothic architecture?

  26. Web Links • What was it Really Like to Live in the Middle Ages? • Medieval English Towns • Knighthood, Chivalry and Tournaments Resource Library • The Medieval Technology Pages • Listening to Medieval Music • The Abbey of Mont-St. Michel • Images of Medieval Art and Architecture • Medieval Universities

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