Chapter 4

1. Chapter 4

2. Internal Threats to Folk Culture Governments initially could block foreign TV programming/control what was available Now with satellites, it’s lot more difficult Governments also try to limit access to the Internet However, almost impossible to block social media

3. Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, Egypt, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates ‘“Two-thirds of adults from the countries surveyed said people benefit from watching content from different parts of the world, yet a similar proportion said they prefer films that portray their own culture. Around 79 percent said more should be done to preserve cultural traditions, while at the same time 70 percent want more cultural integration with modern society. “These apparently contradictory findings really are not, but reflect how the Arab world is coping with globalization and still grappling to preserve local culture,’ said Everette E. Dennis, dean and CEO of Northwestern University in Qatar.” -Al Arabiya News

4. Countries with Most Severely Censored Internet • 1. North Korea. All websites are under government control. About 4% of the population has Internet access. • 2. Burma. Authorities filter e-mails and block access to sites of groups that expose human rights violations or disagree with the government. • 3. Cuba. Internet available only at government controlled "access points." Activity online is monitored through IP blocking, keyword filtering and browsing history checking. Only pro-government users may upload content. • 4. Saudi Arabia. Around 400,000 sites have been blocked, including any that discuss political, social or religious topics incompatible with the Islamic beliefs of the monarchy. • 5. Iran. Bloggers must register at the Ministry of Art and Culture. Those that express opposition to the mullahs who run the country are harassed and jailed. • 6. China. China has the most rigid censorship program in the world. The government filters searches, block sites and erases "inconvenient" content, rerouting search terms on Taiwan independence or the Tiananmen Square massacre to items favorable to the Communist Party. • 7. Syria. Bloggers who "jeopardize national unity" are arrested. Cybercafes must ask all customers for identification, record time of use and report the information to authorities. • 8. Tunisia. Tunisian Internet service providers must report to the government the IP addresses and personal information of all bloggers. All traffic goes through a central network. The government filters all content uploaded and monitors e-mails. • 9. Vietnam. The Communist Party requires Yahoo, Google and Microsoft to divulge data on all bloggers who use their platforms. It blocks websites critical of the government, as well as those that advocate for democracy, human rights and religious freedom. • 10. Turkmenistan. The only Internet service provider is the government. It blocks access to many sites and monitors all e-mail accounts in Gmail, Yahoo and Hotmail. • Source: USA Today

5. “The Obama administration is leading a global effort to deploy ‘shadow’ Internet and mobile phone systems that dissidents can use to undermine repressive governments that seek to silence them by censoring or shutting down telecommunications networks. The effort includes secretive projects to create independent cellphone networks inside foreign countries, as well as one operation out of a spy novel in a fifth-floor shop on L Street in Washington, where a group of young entrepreneurs who look as if they could be in a garage band are fitting deceptively innocent-looking hardware into a prototype ‘Internet in a suitcase.’ Financed with a $2 million State Department grant, the suitcase could be secreted across a border and quickly set up to allow wireless communication over a wide area with a link to the global Internet… Sometimes the State Department is simply taking advantage of enterprising dissidents who have found ways to get around government censorship. American diplomats are meeting with operatives who have been burying Chinese cellphones in the hills near the border with North Korea, where they can be dug up and used to make furtive calls, according to interviews and the diplomatic cables.” -U.S. Underwrites Internet Detour Around Censors, James Glanz and John Markoff

6. “The opening ceremony at the Winter Games hit a bump when only four of the five rings materialized in a wintry opening scene. The five were supposed to join together and erupt in fireworks. But one snowflake never expanded, and the pyrotechnics never went off. But everything worked fine for viewers of the Rossiya 1, the Russian host broadcaster. As the fifth ring got stuck, Rossiya cut away to rehearsal footage. All five rings came together, and the fireworks exploded on cue.” • NataliyaVasilyeva, Huffington Post

7. “Smartphone citizen journalism is particularly important in areas where governments successfully controlled the activity of professional journalists.” –Smartphones in the Arab Spring, Matt J. Duffy

8. “He said that Blackberry smartphones were also useful for organizers on the ground in various Arab countries because they can easily create private groups through the Blackberry Messenger Service. ‘These groups would include only people they trusted and can share sensitive information without being public,’ Qassimi said.” –Smartphones in the Arab Spring, Matt J. Duffy

9. The Arab Spring http://www.ted.com/talks/wadah_khanfar_a_historic_moment_in_the_arab_world/transcript?language=en

10. “If you want to liberate a society, just give them the Internet.” -WaelGhonim

11. https://www.ted.com/talks/michael_anti_behind_the_great_firewall_of_china/transcript?language=enhttps://www.ted.com/talks/michael_anti_behind_the_great_firewall_of_china/transcript?language=en