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The Evolution of Voters and Voter Behavior in the U.S. from Suffrage to Today

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phoebe
5 diapositives · 200 Views · Jul 18, 2014

This chapter explores the significant milestones in American voting rights, emphasizing the evolution of suffrage through constitutional amendments and landmark legislation. Key topics include the 15th and 19th Amendments, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and significant court cases like Smith v. Allwright. The chapter also discusses contemporary voter behavior patterns, turnout statistics, and influential sociological and psychological factors affecting electoral decisions. Understanding these dynamics is essential for recognizing the complexities of voter participation in democracy.

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The Evolution of Voters and Voter Behavior in the U.S. from Suffrage to Today
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  1. Overview – Chapter 6 Voters & Voter Behavior

  2. Suffrage - aka franchise • The right to vote – always know this definition!!! • 15th Amendment, 1870 – African American men suffrage • Smith v. Allwright, 1944 – outlawed white primaries (TX) • 19th Amendment, 1920 – women’s suffrage • Civil Rights Acts helped enforce voting rights • 1957, 1960, 1964 • Voting Rights Act of 1965 – applied 15th Amend to ALL elections not just federal ones • Preclearance – states that had NOT allowed majority of voters suffrage, had to submit any election rules to DoJ 1st • Upheld in 1966, parts overturned in 2012 (impacted 16 states) • New laws now being challenged including PA’s

  3. To Vote… • Citizen of the US • No religious qualifications – final elimination by 1810 • 23rd Amendment, 1961 – gave Washington DC right to vote in Presidential elections = 3 electoral votes • 24th Amendment, 1964 – eliminated poll taxes • 26th Amendment, 1971 – voting age set at 18 • Otherwise, each state controls rules for registering to vote – PA = 30 days prior to election • Residency rules – military & sales people at home state • Some states allow college students to vote in locale of college

  4. Voter behavior… • Vote FOR Candidate A or Vote FOR Candidate B • Vote AGAINST Candidate A • Vote AGAINST Candidate B • Decide to NOT Vote period • 2012 Election – voter turnout rate = 58.2% • Of the almost 222 million ELIGIBLE voters, only just over 130 million voted – Minnesota – 75.7% best rate; Hawaii – 44.2% worst • Rates are worse in off – year elections • Ballot fatigue a factor – voters exhaust patience &/or knowledge as they work their way down a ballot • Cannot-voters – resident aliens, ill or physically disabled, mental health care facilities, prisons, religious issues • Lacking Political efficacy – the sense of influence

  5. Factors that influence voters… • From results of particular elections; survey research; studies of political socialization • process how people gain political attitudes & opinions • Sociological factors: • Income, occupation, education, gender, age, religion, ethnic background, geography, family, “other” groups • Psychological factors: • Party identification • Straight-ticket voting; split-ticket voting; independents • Candidates & issues