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WORKSHOP ON UTILITY WIND INTEGRATION STUDIES: MODELS AND METHODS

WORKSHOP ON UTILITY WIND INTEGRATION STUDIES: MODELS AND METHODS. Panel 6 – Base Load Unit Cycling Costs Gene Danneman P.E. June 24 & 25, 2010. Wear and Tear. Cost Optimization Dispatch Operations Maintenance Capital retrofits. Start Here -. Resource planning New Flexible Units.

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WORKSHOP ON UTILITY WIND INTEGRATION STUDIES: MODELS AND METHODS

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  1. WORKSHOP ONUTILITY WIND INTEGRATION STUDIES: MODELS ANDMETHODS Panel 6 – Base Load Unit Cycling Costs Gene Danneman P.E. June 24 & 25, 2010

  2. Wear and Tear Cost Optimization Dispatch Operations Maintenance Capital retrofits Start Here - Resource planning New Flexible Units Wind Penetration Mitigate costs / risks Wind and solar load ramps faster than load demand Thermal Plant Wear and Tear (Wind Wear) Forced outages Increase - $$ Thermal Plants mission changes System bottoming Ramp rate – up/down Ramp range # of cycles Metal Fracture causes forced outage Increased thermal cycles cause additional wear and tear

  3. MN Wind 2008/2009 (smoothed) MW / hour (smoothed) Day of year Time of Day

  4. Load, Wind and Net Load: January 2013 – System Bottoming

  5. Conventional Plant Challenges of Wind Integration • More Net Load Ramp Up & Down cycles on all units • More Turn-down on baseload units • Lower unit minimums • Faster ramps up and down • Greater Cumulative System Variability (Net Load = Load - Wind) • Increased Starts/Stops on Gas-fired units • Gas pipeline balancing & coal supply issues

  6. Generation Unit CyclingDefinitions Load Cycling LL1 Lowest Load at Which Design Superheater / Reheater Temperatures can be Maintained LL2 Current “Advertised” Low Load (~AGC minimum) LL3 Lowest Load at Which the Unit can Remain On-Line

  7. Deep Load Following Scenario MW Ancillary Services ~95% FULL Load Down- Up Ramp Rate LL1 $? Safe, Stable, Environmentally Compliant LL2 Time

  8. 600 MW Baseloaded 600 MW Cycling and Upgraded for Cycling 30 600 MW Cycling - No Upgrades for Cycling 600 MW Cycling and Designed for Cycling 25 600 MW Cycling Arrows Show Infusion of Capital Spending 20 Equivalent Forced Outage Rate (%) 15 Unit Upgraded (Capital Added) 10 Reduced 5 Plant Life x 0 5 35 10 15 20 30 40 25 45 50 Age in Years Shaded Area = Cycling-Related Cycling Begins Cycling Effects Lost Generation

  9. Consequences of Cycling Damage - $$$ • Increased O&M costs • Reduction in the life of key plant components and overall unit life • Decrease in overall unit reliability • Increase fuel cost

  10. Unit Flexibility Options – Many Moving Parts emissions Unit Maintenance Cycle Damage EFOR PdM/PMs Unit Operation Fatigue Stress cycle damage System Dispatch Lower Cycling costs Fuel Flexibility Optimize Overall System Costs Energy and Capacity Transactions Impact on cycle wear Unit Upgrades Improve flexibility Resource Planning Low cost flexible resources

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