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Understanding Transcription and Translation: The Journey from DNA to Protein

This lecture delves into the processes of transcription and translation, which are vital for gene expression. It covers rapid and slow transcription examples, exploring the differences between bacterial and eukaryotic transcription. Key concepts include RNA polymerase function, intron removal mechanisms, and the role of spliceosomes. The lecture also discusses the significance of capping, polyadenylation, and reading frames in mRNA processing. By the end, students will gain insight into the molecular machinery responsible for protein synthesis and the regulation of genetic information.

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Understanding Transcription and Translation: The Journey from DNA to Protein

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Presentation Transcript

  1. From DNA to Protein Lecture 14 Pp 229-263

  2. 07_01_Genetic info.jpg • TRANSCRIPTION • TRANSLATION

  3. 07_02_Genes express.jpg Example A = rapid transcription Example B = slow transcription

  4. 07_03_RNA _v_DNA.jpg

  5. 07_06_Transcription.jpg

  6. 07_07_RNApolymer.jpg

  7. 07_08_Transcript_EM.jpg

  8. Bacterial Transcription 07_09_1_bacterial gene.jpg

  9. Bacterial Transcription 07_09_2_bacterial gene.jpg

  10. 07_10_transcr_DNA.jpg Bacterial Transcription

  11. Bacterial Transcription? 07_11_pores.nuc.envl.jpg

  12. Bacterial Transcription 07_12_capping.jpg Eukaryotic Transcription CAPPING & POLYADENYLATION

  13. INTRONS & EXONS 07_13_Eucar_v_bact.jpg

  14. 07_14_exons_introns.jpg

  15. 3 regions required for proper intron removal 07_15_end_intron.jpg Just learn that there is an ‘AG’ on the 5’ side and an ‘A’ on the 3’ end as well as an ‘A’ in the intron itself…

  16. 07_16_RNA_chain .jpg • Performed by snRNA in association • With proteins = snRNP • Do not learn the whole slide…

  17. 07_17_spliceosome.jpg SPLICEOSOME - a complex of proteins and RNA which performs the actual splicing action. You will not be tested on this slide

  18. Alternative Splicing Stratergy 07_18_a_tropomyo.jpg

  19. 07_19_export_cytop.jpg

  20. 07_20_Pro_v_Eucar.jpg

  21. Reading frames 07_22_readingframes.jpg

  22. 07_23_tRNA.jpg

  23. 07_24_UUU codes.jpg You will not be tested on this slide

  24. 07_25_coding.jpg You will not be tested on this slide

  25. 07_26_2_adaptors.jpg

  26. 07_27_RibosomesEM.jpg

  27. 07_28_ribosome.jpg

  28. 07_29_binding.site.jpg

  29. 07_30_3_step_cycle.jpg

  30. 07_31_ribos_shape.jpg

  31. 07_32_initiation.jpg

  32. 07_33_mRNA.encode.jpg

  33. 07_34_stop codon.jpg

  34. 07_35_polyribosome.jpg

  35. Proteasome - Present in the cytoplasm of virtually all cells. Degrades proteins to amino acids or small peptides 07_36_proteasome.jpg

  36. 07_37_Protein.produc.jpg

  37. 07_38_RNA world.jpg

  38. RNA makes copies of itself via first making a complementary RNA strand, which is itself used to make the copy RNA 07_39_copy_itself.jpg

  39. RNA can act as an enzyme!! Here it catalyses the cleavage of an RNA substrate 07_40_ribozyme.jpg

  40. 07_41_catalyze_synt.jpg

  41. 07_42_RNA_DNA.jpg

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