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AP Language and Composition

AP Language and Composition. Close reading and synthesizing sources (Chapters 2 and 3). Key Terms. Close reading – analysis of a text Colloquialisms – expression; conversational style Trope – artful diction (diction is word choice) Scheme – artful syntax (syntax is word order)

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AP Language and Composition

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  1. AP Language and Composition Close reading and synthesizing sources (Chapters 2 and 3)

  2. Key Terms • Close reading – analysis of a text • Colloquialisms – expression; conversational style • Trope – artful diction (diction is word choice) • Scheme – artful syntax (syntax is word order) • Periodic sentence – sentence where main point or clause is held until the end • Declarative sentence – makes a statement • Anaphora – the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases.

  3. Hortative sentence – languages that urges or calls to action • Archaic diction – old-fashioned or outdated choice of words • Metonymy – using a single feature to represent the whole • Parallelism – similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words • Annotation – reading with pen in hand; identify main ideas, key points, allusions, and figures of speech • Inversion – inverted order of words in a sentence (variation of the subject-verb-object order of a typical sentence)

  4. Four ways to appeal to logos, encourage pathos, and establish ethos in a synthesis essay… • 1. Cite an anecdote – a brief story or reference that illustrates the main point • 2. Cite facts and accurate details – information that is verifiable in general sources • 3. Cite quantitative data – statistical information (more than just numbers) • 4. Cite expert testimony – use evidence from experts in the field of study or professionals

  5. Tips for a stellar synthesis essay… • 1. Identify the issue and engage your audience (present your position as reasonable and informed) • Appeal to ethos, logos, and pathos • Anticipate objections to your position • 2. Formulate your position • Reflect on the complexities of the topic • Create a thesis that captures your position

  6. Develop your ideas • Do not just list facts, prove your thesis and main points • Elaborate on your ideas and focus on key issues of your argument • Identify, explain, and refute the counter argument of your issue (this helps establish credibility) • Vary your transitions, syntax, diction and structure • Use figurative language in an appropriate manner • Incorporate sources • Paraphrase and quote sources to support your ideas • DO NOT MERELY SUMMARIZE OR LIST FACTS! REMEMBER, LITERAL SUMMARY IS METAPHORICAL DEATH ON THE AP TEST! • Cite evidence from sources using parenthetical citations and create a works cited page to avoid plagiarism

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