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The Arctic Climate

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This presentation, delivered by Paquita Zuidema at RSMAS/MPO, explores significant changes in the Arctic climate, including temperature anomalies, sea ice thickness, and the impact of permafrost and cloudiness over several decades. Key observations from Alaska and Greenland are discussed, alongside model projections for future scenarios up to 2100. The data highlights the critical rise in sea levels and emphasizes the urgent need for scientific action. Stay informed with resources from renowned Arctic research websites for real-time data and historical information.

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The Arctic Climate

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  1. The Arctic Climate Paquita Zuidema, RSMAS/MPO, MSC 118, March 2 2007

  2. 29 Aug 1980

  3. First some pure observations…

  4. Change in annual mean temperature (°C): 1956-2005

  5. Global temperature anomalies in 2005 relative to 1951-1980

  6. Changes of Alaskan station temperatures (F), 1949-2004[ from Alaska Climate Research Center ]

  7. [from G. Juday, UAF]

  8. Record Arctic sea ice minima: 2002-2005

  9. 29 Aug 1980

  10. 25 Aug 2005

  11. 6 Sep 2006

  12. Submarine- measured sea ice thickness

  13. Age of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean: 1988-2005

  14. Cumulativevolume changes of glaciers (ACIA, 2005)North AmericaScandinaviaRussiaNo. Hemis.

  15. Extent of summer melt on Greenland

  16. Satellite data tells us sea-level heights, since 1992 a rise of about 2 cm

  17. spring Increased Spring And Summer Cloudiness summer 1982-1999 AVHRR data (Wang&Key, 2003) annual Persistent springtime cloud cover may advance snowmelt onset date (e.g., modeling study of Zhang 1996)

  18. Now some future model projections…

  19. Permafrost (CCSM) Sept. sea-ice (CCSM) Sept. sea-ice (Observed) (Holland, Lawrence)

  20. Projected changes of temperature: 2070-2090

  21. Projected changes of Arctic sea ice

  22. IPCC models: Arctic sea ice coverage, 1950-2100

  23. IPCC models: Projected Arctic (60-90ºN) change of surface air temperature relative to 1980-2000

  24. Impact of 1 meter (3 feet) sea level rise on FL

  25. What are we doing about it (as scientists) ?

  26. 8 years of data from the North Slope of Alaska DOE/ARM site

  27. Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic SHEBA

  28. Early May ~ 76N, 165 W

  29. spring Increased Spring And Summer Cloudiness summer 1982-1999 AVHRR data (Wang&Key, 2003) annual Persistent springtime cloud cover may advance snowmelt onset date (e.g., modeling study of Zhang 1996)

  30. Surface-based Instrumentation: May 1-8 time series 8 dBZ -20 -45 -5 6 35 GHzcloudradar ice cloud properties km 4 2 depolarization lidar-determined liquid cloud base Microwave radiometer-derived liquid water paths 100 g/m^2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 day day 4X daily soundings.Near-surface T ~ -20 C, inversion T ~-10 C 1 4 lidar cloud base 8 z -30C -10C

  31. May 4 Cloud Particle Imager data …pristine ice particles from upper cloud ...super-cooled drizzle

  32. Jnoon = 60o Clouds decrease surface SW by 55 W m-2 ,increase LW by 49 W m-2 How do clouds impact the surface ? Surface albedo=0.86; most SW reflected back Clouds warm the surface, relative to clear skies with same T& T & RH, by time-mean 41 W m-2* (little impact at TOA) • Can warm 1m of ice by 1.8 K/day, or melt 1 cm of 0C ice per day, • barring any other mechanisms !

  33. Great websites with real-time data, historical fotos: http://www.arctic.noaa.gov/ http://nsidc.org http://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glance http://nsidc.org/data/seaice-index/

  34. Thank you ! Paquita Zuidema, RSMAS/MPO, MSC118, March 2 2007

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