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The Arctic Climate

The Arctic Climate. Paquita Zuidema, RSMAS/MPO, MSC 118, March 2 2007. 29 Aug 1980. First some pure observations…. Change in annual mean temperature ( °C): 1956-2005. Global temperature anomalies in 2005 relative to 1951-1980.

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The Arctic Climate

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  1. The Arctic Climate Paquita Zuidema, RSMAS/MPO, MSC 118, March 2 2007

  2. 29 Aug 1980

  3. First some pure observations…

  4. Change in annual mean temperature (°C): 1956-2005

  5. Global temperature anomalies in 2005 relative to 1951-1980

  6. Changes of Alaskan station temperatures (F), 1949-2004[ from Alaska Climate Research Center ]

  7. [from G. Juday, UAF]

  8. Record Arctic sea ice minima: 2002-2005

  9. 29 Aug 1980

  10. 25 Aug 2005

  11. 6 Sep 2006

  12. Submarine- measured sea ice thickness

  13. Age of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean: 1988-2005

  14. Cumulativevolume changes of glaciers (ACIA, 2005)North AmericaScandinaviaRussiaNo. Hemis.

  15. Extent of summer melt on Greenland

  16. Satellite data tells us sea-level heights, since 1992 a rise of about 2 cm

  17. spring Increased Spring And Summer Cloudiness summer 1982-1999 AVHRR data (Wang&Key, 2003) annual Persistent springtime cloud cover may advance snowmelt onset date (e.g., modeling study of Zhang 1996)

  18. Now some future model projections…

  19. Permafrost (CCSM) Sept. sea-ice (CCSM) Sept. sea-ice (Observed) (Holland, Lawrence)

  20. Projected changes of temperature: 2070-2090

  21. Projected changes of Arctic sea ice

  22. IPCC models: Arctic sea ice coverage, 1950-2100

  23. IPCC models: Projected Arctic (60-90ºN) change of surface air temperature relative to 1980-2000

  24. Impact of 1 meter (3 feet) sea level rise on FL

  25. What are we doing about it (as scientists) ?

  26. 8 years of data from the North Slope of Alaska DOE/ARM site

  27. Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic SHEBA

  28. Early May ~ 76N, 165 W

  29. spring Increased Spring And Summer Cloudiness summer 1982-1999 AVHRR data (Wang&Key, 2003) annual Persistent springtime cloud cover may advance snowmelt onset date (e.g., modeling study of Zhang 1996)

  30. Surface-based Instrumentation: May 1-8 time series 8 dBZ -20 -45 -5 6 35 GHzcloudradar ice cloud properties km 4 2 depolarization lidar-determined liquid cloud base Microwave radiometer-derived liquid water paths 100 g/m^2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 day day 4X daily soundings.Near-surface T ~ -20 C, inversion T ~-10 C 1 4 lidar cloud base 8 z -30C -10C

  31. May 4 Cloud Particle Imager data …pristine ice particles from upper cloud ...super-cooled drizzle

  32. Jnoon = 60o Clouds decrease surface SW by 55 W m-2 ,increase LW by 49 W m-2 How do clouds impact the surface ? Surface albedo=0.86; most SW reflected back Clouds warm the surface, relative to clear skies with same T& T & RH, by time-mean 41 W m-2* (little impact at TOA) • Can warm 1m of ice by 1.8 K/day, or melt 1 cm of 0C ice per day, • barring any other mechanisms !

  33. Great websites with real-time data, historical fotos: http://www.arctic.noaa.gov/ http://nsidc.org http://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glance http://nsidc.org/data/seaice-index/

  34. Thank you ! Paquita Zuidema, RSMAS/MPO, MSC118, March 2 2007

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