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National Snow Analysis and SNODAS Snow Modeling

National Snow Analysis and SNODAS Snow Modeling. Don Cline. National Operational Hydrologic Remote Sensing Center. Office of Climate, Water, and Weather Services National Weather Service, NOAA U.S. Department of Commerce.

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National Snow Analysis and SNODAS Snow Modeling

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  1. National Snow Analysis and SNODAS Snow Modeling Don Cline National Operational Hydrologic Remote Sensing Center Office of Climate, Water, and Weather Services National Weather Service, NOAA U.S. Department of Commerce NWS Cold Regions Hydrology Workshop · Kansas City, Missouri · November 15-19, 2004

  2. Outline • National Snow Analyses (NSA) • Snow modeling and data assimilation system for U.S. • Overview of the data, modeling framework and products • Interactive Snow Information System(Snow-Info) • Web-based mapping and data querying system for NSA information • Overview of functions and capability • New Climate Diagnostic Tools in Snow-Info • Monthly normal snow-depth maps for U.S. • Daily departure-from-normal snow-depth maps for U.S. • Snow-depth climatology and NSA time-series for 4000 stations

  3. Multi-sensor Snow Observations Snow Modeling and Data Assimilation Snow Information Products Gridded Snow Characteristics U.S. 1-km2 Hourly Ground Data Products Interactive Maps Time Series Plots Text Discussions Airborne Satellite National Snow Analyses (NSA)

  4. National Snow Analyses (NSA) Multi-sensor Snow Observations • National Weather Service • First-order Stations • Cooperatives • Federal and State Agencies • NRCS SNOTEL and Snow Courses • USACE New England District Snow Surveys • Federal Aviation Administration • California Dept. of Water Resources • Regional Mesonets • Maine Cooperative Snow Survey • PA, OK, IA, ND, NC State Mesonets • MESOWEST (150 smaller mesonets) • International Agencies • St. John River Basin • Environment Canada • BC Hydro Ground Airborne Satellite 50,000+ stations in database 20,000+ actively reporting stations ~9000 unique stations reporting snow observations

  5. National Snow Analyses (NSA) Multi-sensor Snow Observations Ground Airborne Satellite

  6. National Snow Analyses (NSA) Multi-sensor Snow Observations • Snow Water Equivalent Measurement • Attenuation of natural terrestrial gamma radiation by water in snow NWS Airborne Snow Survey Program Ground Airborne Satellite

  7. Airborne Snow Survey Program Flight Line Network 2,187 Flight Lines 31 States, 8 Provinces National Snow Analyses (NSA) Multi-sensor Snow Observations Ground Airborne Satellite

  8. National Snow Analyses (NSA) Multi-sensor Snow Observations • Areal extent of snow cover is mapped using optical remote sensing data from geostationary and polar-orbiting satellites. • Cloud cover obscures surface – significant problem. • Sub-pixel percentage of snow cover (FSCA) developed by ERDC/CRREL is in second year of testing in NWS/NOHRSC operations. Ground Airborne Feb 9 2004 - NOHRSC Satellite

  9. Snow Modeling and Data Assimilation Gridded Snow Characteristics U.S. 1-km2 Hourly National Snow Analyses (NSA) • Land Surface Model for Snow and Soil • Domain: Continental U.S. • Resolution: 1km2, Hourly • Physics: 5-Layer Energy and Mass Balance • Spatial implementation of modified 1-D SNTHERM model developed by ERDC/CRREL (Jordan) • Spatial implementation of Prairie Blowing Snow Model (Pomeroy et al.) • Forcing: Mesoscale Weather Analyses • RUC2, Eta physically downscaled to 1 km2 • Snow State Variables: • Water Equivalent (SWE) • Total Depth • Surface Temperature • Average Temperature • Liquid Water Content (Snow Wetness) • Snow Melt • Snow Data Assimilation System • Multi-sensor data fusion to update snow states in model (SWE, snow depth)

  10. NOHRSC Model Physics

  11. Snow Modeling Framework Data Assimilation Hourly Input Gridded Data (1 km) Snow Energy and Mass Balance Model Snow Observations Snow Water Equivalent Snow Depth Snow Cover Temperature Relative Humidity Wind Speed Solar Radiation Atmos. Radiation Precipitation Precipitation Type Blowing Snow Model Radiative Transfer Model State Variables for Multiple Vertical Snow & Soil Layers Snow Water Equivalent Snow Depth Snow Temperature Liquid Water Content Snow Sublimation Snow Melt Static Gridded Data (1 km) NSA Product Generation Interactive Maps Digital Data Discussions Soils Properties Land Use/Cover Forest Properties

  12. Observed = Modeled = 0 m (Agreement of No Snow) |Observed – Modeled| < 0.005 m (Agreement within +/- 5 mm) (Observed – Modeled) < -0.005 m (Model Over-estimation > 5 mm) (Observed – Modeled) > 0.005 m (Model Under-estimation > 5 mm) Snow Observation Assimilation Daily SWE and Snow Depth Observations are used to update the model • Deltas between observed and modeled states are examined • Coherent spatial pattern is required to warrant update • Subgrid variability • If pattern is explainable, update field is generated and used to nudge the model toward observed states Deltas (Observed – Modeled) 12/4/02 12Z to 12/5/02 6Z

  13. Snow Information Products Local Information (1 km2) Data Products Interactive Maps Time Series Plots Text Discussions Continental U.S. Information National Snow Analyses (NSA) High-resolution Gridded Snow Data Sets of Fused Model and Observations • Snow Water Equivalent • Snow Depth • Snow Density • Snow Sfc. Temperature • Snow Avg. Temperature • Snow Melt • Sublimation • Snow Wetness • Archived at NCDC, NSIDC, and (soon) NDFD

  14. National and Regional Snow Analyses (www.nohrsc.noaa.gov) Snow Information Products Data Products Interactive Maps Time Series Plots Text Discussions National Snow Analyses (NSA)

  15. National Snow Analyses (NSA)

  16. National Snow Analyses (NSA) Snow Water Equivalent (hourly) Plays animation from web site

  17. Interactive Snow Information System (www.nohrsc.noaa.gov) Snow Information Products Data Products Interactive Maps Time Series Plots Text Discussions National Snow Analyses (NSA)

  18. Interactive Snow Information System www.nohrsc.noaa.gov

  19. Interactive Snow Information System www.nohrsc.noaa.gov

  20. Interactive Snow Information System www.nohrsc.noaa.gov

  21. Interactive Snow Information System www.nohrsc.noaa.gov

  22. Interactive Snow Information System www.nohrsc.noaa.gov

  23. Interactive Snow Information System www.nohrsc.noaa.gov

  24. Interactive Snow Information System www.nohrsc.noaa.gov

  25. Interactive Snow Information System www.nohrsc.noaa.gov

  26. Interactive Snow Information System www.nohrsc.noaa.gov

  27. Interactive Snow Information System www.nohrsc.noaa.gov

  28. Interactive Snow Information System www.nohrsc.noaa.gov

  29. Interactive Snow Information System www.nohrsc.noaa.gov

  30. Interactive Snow Information System www.nohrsc.noaa.gov

  31. Interactive Snow Information System www.nohrsc.noaa.gov

  32. Interactive Snow Information System www.nohrsc.noaa.gov

  33. Interactive Snow Information System www.nohrsc.noaa.gov

  34. Interactive Snow Information System www.nohrsc.noaa.gov

  35. Interactive Snow Information System www.nohrsc.noaa.gov

  36. New Climate Diagnostic Tools • Interactive climatological information in SNOW-Info • New capability added this year • Two types of information • Maps: Monthly Normal Snow Depth • NCDC 1961-1990 Climate Atlas for U.S. • October through April • 4 km resolution • Based on 5525 stations used in the NCDC U.S. Snow Climatology (TD-9641M) • Note: Completed through 1996; when complete to 2000 normals maps for 1971-2000 can be produced • Stations: Daily Snow Depth Climatologies • NCDC TD3200 Cooperative Summary of the Day • 4000 first-order and cooperative observer stations • SNOW-Info database currently extends to 1970, eventually to 1948

  37. New Climate Diagnostic Tools Monthly Normal Snow Depth 1961-1990 OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR • SNOW-Info includes • monthly normals maps • daily NSA departure-from-normal maps APR

  38. New Climate Diagnostic Tools www.nohrsc.noaa.gov

  39. New Climate Diagnostic Tools www.nohrsc.noaa.gov

  40. New Climate Diagnostic Tools www.nohrsc.noaa.gov

  41. New Climate Diagnostic Tools www.nohrsc.noaa.gov

  42. New Climate Diagnostic Tools www.nohrsc.noaa.gov

  43. New Climate Diagnostic Tools www.nohrsc.noaa.gov

  44. New Climate Diagnostic Tools www.nohrsc.noaa.gov

  45. New Climate Diagnostic Tools www.nohrsc.noaa.gov

  46. New Climate Diagnostic Tools www.nohrsc.noaa.gov

  47. Summary www.nohrsc.noaa.gov • National Snow Analyses (NSA) • Snow modeling and data assimilation system for U.S. • Overview of the data, modeling framework and products • Interactive Snow Information System(Snow-Info) • Web-based mapping and data querying system for NSA information • Overview of functions and capability • New Climate Diagnostic Tools in Snow-Info • Monthly normal snow-depth maps for U.S. • Daily departure-from-normal snow-depth maps for U.S. • Snow-depth climatology and NSA time-series for 4000 stations

  48. National Snow Analysis and SNODAS Snow Modeling Don Cline National Operational Hydrologic Remote Sensing Center Office of Climate, Water, and Weather Services National Weather Service, NOAA U.S. Department of Commerce U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Climate Impacts Workshop · Baltimore, MD · November 8-10, 2004

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