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A Snapshot of the World in 600 CE: Cultures, Empires, and Civilizations

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prince
33 diapositives · 470 Views · Aug 14, 2014

In 600 CE, the world was a tapestry of diverse cultures and civilizations. The Americas were largely undiscovered by outsiders, with advanced societies like the Mayans and Teotihuacan thriving. In Europe, the Western Roman Empire had fallen, giving way to emerging kingdoms and the Christian Church. The Middle East saw the rise of Persia and significant religious diversity. Asia was marked by the Sui Dynasty in China and the beginnings of Japanese culture. This snapshot explores the interconnectedness of trade routes, religion, and the dynamic shifts occurring at the dawn of the Middle Ages.

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  1. The World at 600 CE A Snapshot

  2. The World Ca 600 CE

  3. The World Ca 600 CE • World Population About 250 Million • Americas Virtually Unknown—Except by Americans • Major Cultural Hubs • Constantinople • Ctesiphon—Sassanid Persia (pron. Tesifon) • Indus and Ganges Valley • Changan (China) (pron. Chong on) • Rome • Mesoamerica– Teotihuacan/ Mayans (pron. Tayo tee wakan’)

  4. Trade—Who Knew What About Whom? • The Silk Road (s)--China to Venice and Beyond • Mediterranean Basin • Trans Sahara • Mesoamerica

  5. What Does Medieval Mean? • Between two times—antiquity and modernity, the middle ages • Roughly 600-1400 CE • How do you imagine the medieval human experience?

  6. Africa at 600 CE

  7. Africa at 600 CE • Byzantium rules North Africa and Egypt (Christian) • Kingdom of Aksum in Ethiopia (Christian) • Aksum controls Red Sea trade • Sub-Saharan trade prolific • Kingdom of Ghana thrives, Mali, and Songhai in the future

  8. The Middle East

  9. The Middle East • Persia and the Eastern Empire dominate—constant conflict have weakened both • Control of trade routes • Frontiers • Asian invaders • Small kingdoms ring the perimeter of the Arabian Peninsula and the Red Sea

  10. Middle East • Religions • Christianity • Judaism • Zoroastrianism • Islam • Paganism • Languages • Greek • Latin • Farsi • Hebrew • Arabic (Semitic)

  11. India at 600 CE

  12. India at 600 CE • First humans ca 60 kya • 2500 BCE Indus Valley develops • Cradle of Religions • Hinduism • Jainism • Buddhism • Gupta Empire weakens and then collapses 5th Century • 510 CE Huns invade • Empire fragments • Local polities (kingdoms) form • Active trade

  13. China at 600 CE—Sui Dynasty

  14. Sui Dynasty Weakened by Hun invasions • Cultural values • Buddhist “right conduct” • Taoism • Confucianism • Harmony, hierarchy • Cultural exchange begins with Japan • Chang’an (Daxing) perhaps the greatest city in the world • Grand Canal built

  15. Daxing

  16. Japan At 600 CE—The Yamato State

  17. The Yamato and Ainu

  18. Yamato and Ainu Samurai

  19. The Yamato State • CA 300 CE a new culture emerged in the far southwest of Honshu, a portal of cultural influence from China and Korea • Built tomb mounds called kofun Kofun of Nintoku--Osaka

  20. The Yamato State • Ca 500 CE the Yamato State takes on a Korean style military aristocracy (matriarchal) • Buddhism imported in early sixth century • Chinese characters first used to represent Japanese names

  21. Prince Shotoku

  22. The Americas • The Amerindian Migration Across Beringia ca 30 kya • By 15 kya lands from Monte Verde to Maine were peopled • By 600 CE three major civilizations had developed • Teotihuacan (Mexico) pron. Tayo tee wakan’ • Mayan (Central America) • Moche (Peru)

  23. Teotihuacan • Population 125-200,000 (6th largest city in the world) • Magnificent Architecture-Pyramid of the Sun

  24. Teotihuacan • Mixed ethnicity • May have had strong influence on the Mayans—Fire Is Born

  25. Mayans • A nation of city states—centered in the Yucatan

  26. Mayans • Extraordinarily Sophisticated • Astronomy—Calendar • Writing • Art • Architecture Temple of the Great Jaguar-Tikal

  27. Moche • Pron. Mo chee • Warrior Priest Leaders (theocracy) • No Written Language • Mixed Agriculture/ Merchant Economy • Exquisite Craftsmanship

  28. Moche

  29. Northern Tribes • Adena/ Hopewell (Mound Builders) • Iroquois • Early Anasazi • Inuit • Plains

  30. Northern Tribes

  31. Europe at 600 CE

  32. Europe at 600 CE • Transition from Classical Antiquity to the Middle Ages • The Western Empire no longer a political entity • Vacuum filled by various tribal powers (“kingdoms”) and the Church • Christianity common, but not yet pervasive • Nation states unknown • Uncertainty prevails—the dawn of the Dark Ages • How will I live? • Who is my lord? • Political power becomes local; old urban centers depopulate. New centers begin to form around the powerful, some old Roman, others not—Theodoric, Charlemagne

  33. The World at 600 CE