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Prehistory

Prehistory. The time before the written word. How do we find our past?. How do we find our past?. Methods of Dating. Simple Methods of Dating. Stratigraphy, Tree Rings, Road Cuts. Radio-Carbon Dating. determines an object’s age by measuring the amount of C-14 .

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Prehistory

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  1. Prehistory The time before the written word.

  2. How do we find our past?

  3. How do we find our past?

  4. Methods of Dating

  5. Simple Methods of Dating Stratigraphy, Tree Rings, Road Cuts

  6. Radio-Carbon Dating determines an object’s age by measuring the amount of C-14

  7. AMS (Accelerator Mass Spectrometry) • Another name for Radio-Carbon Dating • Used for samples that are far tinier than that needed for standard radiocarbon dating • In AMS dating, researchers use an accelerator-based mass spectrometer to count all the C14 atoms, rather than just those atoms which are decaying.

  8. Blood Molecules May survive Millions of years and yield DNA information

  9. Thermo luminescence dating determines an object’s age by measuring the light given off by electrons trapped in the surrounding soil

  10. Cornell Notes Date:_________ Topic: Chapter 1 “The First Humans” Prehistory How do we find our past? Simple Methods of Dating: • The time before the written word. • Stratigraphy • Tree Cuts • Road Cuts SUMMARY

  11. Early Hominids

  12. Hominids: Having Human Characteristics

  13. Archaeology The study of past societies through an analysis of the items people left behind them

  14. Artifacts tools, pottery, paintings, weapons, buildings & household items left behind by early people

  15. A remnant or impression of an organism from a past geologic age that has been preserved in the earth’s crust

  16. Most of the Oldest Hominid Remains Found in… Olduvai Gorge East Africa

  17. Australopithicus footprints Laetoli site (left), Mary Leakey discovered Homo fossils that were more than 3.75 million-years-old. 

  18. Leakey Legacy “Theories on prehistory and early man constantly change as new evidence comes to light.” -Richard Leakey

  19. Newsweek July 22, 2002

  20. Australopithecus First upright hominid “southern apes”

  21. Australopithecus Discovered by Donald Johanson 3-4 million years old

  22. Lucy: Johansson's girlfriend suggested the name after the Beatles song that played on the radio most of the day during the discovery.

  23. What Lucy Looked Like…

  24. Homo erectus “upright human being”, a species that emerged around 1.5 million years ago; 2nd stage of early human development • Learned to use fire to keep warm in colder areas

  25. Homo sapiens “wise human being” a species that emerged around 250,000 years ago; 3rd stage in human development

  26. Homo sapiens sapiens “wise, wise human being” a species that appeared in Africa between 150,000 & 200,000 years ago 1st anatomically modern humans WE BELONG TO THIS GROUP TODAY.

  27. Paleolithic Age from the Greek for “Old Stone” the early period of human history, from approximately 2.5 million to 10,000 B.C., humans used simple stone tools

  28. Technology

  29. Drawbacks to Hunting & Gathering 1. Food sources dry up 2. No storage 3. Isolation 4. Short lifespan

  30. Major advances • Mastery of fire • Language

  31. New Technology Pottery Improved tools (metal working)

  32. Use of Metals Marked a new level of human control over their environment

  33. Rise of Villages

  34. 6 characteristics of Civilizations • 1. Cities • 2. Government • 3. Religion • 4. Social structure • 5. Art • 6. Writing

  35. Neolithic Age • Development of Cities • Mastered the art of farming • More complex societies • Created armies & built walled cities

  36. High Point of Neolithic Age • Catal Huyuk, located in modern-day Turkey, high point from 6700 to 5700 B.C. • Mud brick houses

  37. Earliest Writing Cuneiforms

  38. Food surpluses made it possible for people to do things other than farming • Artisans – a skilled craftsperson who makes products such as weapons & jewelry

  39. scribes

  40. End of the Neolithic Age • Copper, then Bronze tools led to the Bronze Age

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