English SOL Institute Elementary Writing Strand Genre Study: Learning to Read like Writers

1. English SOL Institute • Elementary Writing Strand • Genre Study: • Learning to Read like Writers Kelly Worland Piantedosi kworland@umd.edu

2. Elementary Writing Key Points in Writing • Writing to convey a concise message begins in Kindergarten and moves through grade 3 when students will write a short report • Student use of graphic organizers begins at grade 1 • Beginning in grade 4, students write multi-paragraph essays

3. Elementary Writing Key Points in Writing • Persuasive writing begins in 5th grade • Students in grades 3-5 should have practice writing on demand, for shorter time frames, and over extended periods of time

4. Today’s objectives . . . • Identify goals for writing instruction and development • Identify common pitfalls for struggling writers • Identify strategies and solutions using genre study and student-centered practices

5. How are we doing? Where would we like to improve? What needs to change? *average pass rates for Region 4

6. Let’s take a look at some sample essays in your handouts . . . What are the differences between a non-proficient and proficient/advanced writer according to SOL scores?

7. Score of 4

8. Score: 2

9. What are the primary challenges for lower performing students? • Lack of central idea • Lack of specific details and elaboration • Lack of focus

10. What are teachers’ typical solution to these types of problems? • Graphic organizers • Mini-lessons focused on telling students the components of a well-written essay and teacher-modeled writing. • Tell students to add more details • Tell students to cut out sentences that don’t match their central idea

11. Why don’t these approaches work for struggling writers? Novice writers often engage in a knowledge-telling process when they write. Experienced writers use a knowledge-transforming strategy to shape their knowledge for a specific purpose and audience. Figure 1. Bereiter and Scardamalia’s knowledge-telling model (1987).

12. What does knowledge-telling look like in practice? Figure 2. An example of a hierarchical attribute list from Donovan, 2001.

13. Traditional Approach to Writing Instruction:Let’s examine a sample lesson

14. Sample Lesson • Systems - Those Mighty, Mighty Ants! • By Mary Perrin • Ants are amazing insects. They live in colonies. Each colony is a system of ants that work together and • depend on one another in order to live. Each colony has worker ants, soldier ants, and one or two queen • ants. Their tiny bodies are made to allow them to do different jobs. Each job is important. The colony would • not do very well if a job did not get done. Every ant does its part. The worker ants must move the quickest. • The worker ants are responsible for many jobs. Worker ants do not live very long. They collect food for the • colony, they look after the queen's eggs, and they work hard to protect the nest. • The nest is sometimes called an ant hill. An ant hill is a pile of dirt or sand that sits on top of the ground. • Ants can also make their nest underground, beneath rocks, and inside old trees, too. Like other insects, ants • have six legs. Ants use their strong legs to help them move quickly around the nest. Ants also have three • main body parts. They are called the head, thorax, and abdomen. These three body parts allow ants to carry • large amounts of weight. Ants can lift twenty times their body weight. For example, if your body weighs fifty • pounds, you would be able to lift one thousand pounds all by yourself. That requires a lot of strength. Ants • also have two stomachs. They have an extra stomach to store food for the other members of the colony. • The next time you see an ant on the sidewalk or climbing around on a leaf, remember that the little ant is • doing its very important job. When all the ants do their special jobs, they create something wonderful: an ant • hill complete with a nursery for larvae (baby ants), a dump where they put their waste, and even a kitchen • where they store all their food. Ants may be tiny, but they are mighty!

15. How do we break the cycle?

16. Genre Study or teaching our kids to Read Like Writers • Start by teaching kids to develop: • A clear and authentic purpose for writing • Persuade • Inform • Entertain/Engage • Combination • An awareness of audience

17. How do we teach this? • Guiding principle of the genre study approach: • Tell me and I'll forget; show me and I may remember; involve me and I'll understand. • ~Chinese proverb

18. Genre Study Approach Step by Step • Establish author’s purpose. • Provide examples and non-examples of one component of each genre of writing at a time . • Ask students to identify which example of writing they prefer and why to gain an awareness of audience. • Name the strategy the author used to make that example interesting to their reader. • Ask the students to try that strategy in their own writing. • Teach kids to reread, revise, and rewrite throughout the drafting process. REVISION SHOULD BE ON-GOING!

19. Sample Genre Components

20. Let’s compare. . .

21. The Missing Link

22. Questions and discussion

23. References • Bereiter, C., & Scardamalia, M. (1987). The psychology of written composition. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. • Donovan, C. A. (2001). Children’s development and control of written story and informational genres: Insights from one elementary school. Research in the Teaching of English, 35, 395-447. • Lattimer, H. (2003). Thinking through genre: Units of study in reading and writing • workshops, 4-12. Portland, ME: Stenhouse. • Wood Ray, K. (2006). Study Driven. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann

24. Contact Information • Kelly Worland Piantedosi • kworland@umd.edu

25. Disclaimer Reference within this presentation to any specific commercial or non-commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer or otherwise does not constitute or imply an endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the Virginia Department of Education.