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This overview highlights the fundamental differences between plant and animal cells, focusing on organelles like chloroplasts and mitochondria. Plants utilize chloroplasts to convert sunlight into glucose, while mitochondria in both plants and animals transform glucose into usable energy (ATP). Key distinctions include the presence of a cell wall in plant cells that supports their structure, and the large central vacuole that helps maintain hydration and store nutrients. This guide provides insights into how the unique shapes and supporting structures of these cells enable their functions.
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Chloroplasts and MitochondriaThe Power Plants What do plants have? What do animals have? Mitochondria are used to convert glucose into useable energy called ATP. ATP is needed for everything an organism does. • Chloroplasts are used to convert the sun’s energy into glucose for the plant. Lots and lots of chloroplasts and some mitochondria. Just mitochondria. But cells that help with movement, like muscle cells, have more mitochondria to do more work.
Shape Plants Animals • Most animal cells are more round in shape. • Most plants cells are “squarish” in shape.
Presence of a cell wall Plants Animals Animal cells do not have cell walls. • Plant cells have a cell walls made of cellulose, a carbohydrate. • The walls provide structural support so plants can grow very tall.
The Central Vacuole Plants Animals Do not have large vacuoles but they can have small ones. • The CV holds water the plant needs. • If empty, the plant wilts. • The CV also holds the scents of flowers and the juices of fruit. • So when you bit into a big juicy apple you just busted open thousands of vacuoles, yummy!
Standing Up Straight? List all the reasons why plants can stand up straight. List all the reasons animals can stand up straight. Bones Muscles ligaments • Squarish shape creates block like structures. • Cell walls provide additional structural support. • Large central vacuole provides internal support.
Do organelles move? Predict: Let’s See? Plant video Describe what you saw in the video. • Do organelles move inside cells?
