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Referencing

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  1. Referencing Harvard Style

  2. Why do we reference? • Demonstrate that you have carried out appropriate research. • Demonstrate you have undertaken reading. • Avoid plagiarism (acknowledge other people’s work) • Good practice. • Enhances the presentation of your work. • Shows your writing is based on knowledge and informed. • Enables the reader to trace the source.

  3. What do you reference? • All sources of information used in your writing. • Referencing (Citation) is acknowledging other people’s work. • Using a direct quote.

  4. In Text Citation • Authors • Author’s name followed by the date of publication. • E.g. Williams (2016) argues that …… • Quoting an author briefly: • E.g. Williams (2016:75) states that ‘Managers play an integral part …. • Longer quotes – 2+ lines, start a new line and indent it. Quotation marks are then not needed. • Every person is capable and has the desire to move up the hierarchy toward a level of self-actualization. Unfortunately, progress is often disrupted by failure to meet lower level needs… (Maslow 1943, 1954)

  5. In Text Citation • If there are 2 authors, you must cite both • E.g. (Williams and Jones 2003) • More than 2 authors use et al • E.g. (Williams et al, 2003) • Quotes from journals should follow the same format. • If you have not read the quote direct then you would: • (Williams 2002, cited in Morgan 2009) • Then in the bibliography you would just reference Morgan 2009. Your Bibliography should be a list of texts/books that you have actually read.

  6. Bibliography • If it is an essay then split your Bibliography into Texts and Websites. • Don’t split into journals and books. • Anything cited in the main text should appear in your bibliography. • Don’t use et al in the bibliography, it should be a complete list. • Don’t bullet point or use numbers. • Put your titles of books and journals in italics.

  7. Websites • In the essay show the website in brackets e.g. (Wikipedia, 2008) • If you cite different pages from the same website, then add (a), (b) after the reference, then match that letter in the bibliography. • In the bibliography give full details, URL, date accessed. (In alphabetical order)

  8. Websites in text • ‘Maslow's (1943, 1954) hierarchy of needs is a motivational theory in psychology comprising a five tier model of human needs, often depicted as hierarchical levels within a pyramid (Simply Psychology, 2007).

  9. In the Bibliography • Simply Psychology (2007) (Online) available from: http://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html (Accessed 16th November 2016)

  10. Online/Electronic books/journals • Book on line/electronic Elliott, G.C. (2009) Family Matters. [Online] Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. Available from: http://www.mylibrary.com?ID=93941 [Accessed 18th June 2011] • Journal article on line Gabe, J., Exworthy, M., Jones, I.R and Smith, G. (2012) Towards a sociology of disclosure: the case of surgical performance. Sociological Compass. [Online] 6, (11). Available from: doi: 10.1111/j.1751-9020.2012.00490.x [Accessed 4th February 2013]

  11. Useful Guide • Anglia Ruskin University Harvard Style. • http://libweb.anglia.ac.uk/referencing/harvard.htm

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