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Key Events in Early U.S. History: From Hamilton’s Bank to the War of 1812

This overview explores pivotal moments in early U.S. history, including Alexander Hamilton's advocacy for a national bank and the ensuing divisions that birthed political parties. It highlights key events such as the Whiskey Rebellion, Jay’s Treaty, and the Alien and Sedition Acts. The narrative follows the westward expansion marked by the Louisiana Purchase and the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Finally, it examines the War of 1812, driven by British impressment of American sailors and ending with a renewed national identity.

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Key Events in Early U.S. History: From Hamilton’s Bank to the War of 1812

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  1. A New Nation

  2. I. Economics • Alexander Hamilton convinced Congress to create a nat’l bank -opponents argued that it was not Enumerated Pwrs. -Art. 1 Sec. 8= Necessary & Proper Clause -Implied Pwrs. • Whiskey Rebellion = gov’t put a tax on a whiskey -angered western farmers b/c they used it to barter -1794= Penn. farmers began rebellion -15,000 troops sent = farmers dispersed w/out a fight

  3. II. Political Parties • Debate over Hamilton’s financial programs split Congress into factions 1) Federalists- Hamilton’s supporters 2) Democratic-Republicans- opponents led by Jefferson and Madison

  4. Federalists Dem.-Rep.

  5. III. Politics • 1789- French Rev. began -Rev. seized control and began war w/ G.B. -US treaty w/ France required US to help w/ attacks on colonies in the Carribbean -G.W. was afraid of war w/ G.B. -it would hurt trade and unaffordable

  6. A. Jays Treaty • prevented war & saved fragile economy -angered Dem. Rep. B. Pickney’s Treaty = treaty w/ Spain -granted U.S right to navigate Miss. C. Washington Leaves Office = @ end of his 2nd term -farewell address cautioned Americans against dividing country between North & South

  7. D. Quasi War = w/ France 1) XYZ Affair= French attempted to bribe Americans before talks 2) U.S. suspended trade & began capturing French ships 3) Convention of 1800 = ended conflict & released U.S. from Treaty of 1778 E. War Between Parties = Alien & Sedition Acts- 4 laws -must wait 14 yrs. to be citizen, deport w/out trial and alien dangerous to U.S. -federal crime to utter anything “false, scandalous, & malicious” against the fed. gov’t

  8. F. Virginia Resolution = argued against A&S acts -interposition= state can interpose between the fed. gov’t & people to stop illegal action G. Kentucky Resolution = Nullification-states declare that a law is unconstitutional & nullify it IV. Westward Expansion • Louisiana Purchase= April 30, 1803 -bought from France for 11.25 million -more than doubled size of U.S. B) Lewis & Clark Expedition= sent to explore L.P. -Sacagawea= served as a guide

  9. V. War of 1812 • Impressment- British seize U.S. ships & force sailors to work on British ships • June 1807-Leopard fires on Chesapeake -3 Americans die- U.S. is outraged C) Embargo Act of 1807= U.S. response to incident -halted all trade between U.S. & Europe D) War Hawks= Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun -called for U.S. to go to war E) Tippecanoe= fight between N.A. & citizens in Indiana -shattered N.A. confidence F) War Ends 1814

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