Integrated Valuation of Marine Coastal Ecosystem Services –Overview

1. Integrated Valuation of Marine Coastal Ecosystem Services –Overview Murray Patterson School of People, Environment and Planning, Massey University Presentation to the Project Inception Workshop 4 December, 2012

2. Purpose of the Presentation The purpose of this presentation is outline the programme’s : • Aims • Rationale and Philosophy • Key methodological steps Please ask questions and have a discussion. Nothing is ‘set concrete’ at this stage !!!!

3. Programme Aim and Scope (Yrs 1-2) • Our aim is to develop a robust framework to characterise, biophysically quantify, map and value coastal-marine ecosystem services. • The intention of the research is to ‘make visible’ coastal-marine ecosystem services that are often ignored in resource management and business decision-making. • We will use Tasman Bay as a test-bed for our research in years 1 & 2, with further research signalled in the full proposal.

4. Programme Aim and Scope (Yrs 3-4) • At this stage, there is no guarantee that will fund of years three and four • However, our proposal indicated that Years 3-4 would: • Extend the valuation/quantification method to cover all of New Zealand’s coasts and oceans • More fully develop the valuation/quantification method to find solutions to resource management problems – ‘exemplar’ case studies • Apply valuation/quantification method to a national scale marine policy issue.

5. Programme Steps STEP 1 Conceptualisation of Ecosystem Services in Tasman Bay • No one unequivocal conceptual framework service • Much debate over terminology and methodological issues such as double counting • Most classification systems have been developed for terrestrial ecosystems • Social and cultural dimensions are important Step 1 will be particularly important in the first few months, but will continue the lifespan of the programme

6. STEP 2: Biophysical Quantification and Mapping Step 1: Ecosystem Services Conceptual Framework Step 2a: EcologicalUnderstanding of Tasman Bay Step 2b: Ecosystem Services Indicators for Tasman Bay, defined in biophysical terms (Ideal) Investigate ways of generating missing GIS layers. Limited funding to do this in Years 3 and 4. • Step 2c: • GIS Data Layers for Tasman Bay • Substrate Layers • Seabed benthic communities and habitats • Water Column hydrology • Water column biology • Human Activities Step 2d: Reality Check IF no GIS data, then can’t quantify and map Step 2e: Maps of ecosystem Services indicators for Tasman Bay, defined in biophysical terms (Approx 15-20 maps) Step3: Economic Valuation

7. Programme Steps STEP 3 Is there times series data available? If so we could generate ‘radar diagram’ like this, which is good for non-commensurable physical units:

8. Programme Steps STEP 3 Economic Valuation of Coastal Marine Ecosystem Services • Biophysical indicators  converted to economic values  maps economic values of ecosystems • Main economic valuation methods to be used will be: • Avoided cost • Replacement cost • Hedonic pricing • Contingent valuation • Benefit transfer • Other non-monetary metrics will be used as appropriate • Cultural Values • Intrinsic Value • Contributory Value • One critical/reflective article on limitations of these valuation methods, will be produced

9. Programme Steps STEP 4: Matauranga Maori interpretation of ecosystem services Research questions include: • How relevant is ecosystem services concept from an Matauranga Maori perspective? • All too often cultural values as seen just as ‘another category’ ecosystem services – a box to be ticked off. Is this appropriate or are the better ways of approaching the problem. • Can an we diviise alternative framework to ‘ecosystem services’ for hapu/iwi? One report will be produced to summarise these issues, and provide guidance hapu/iwi. • Dr Huhana Smith, Aroha Spinks, April Bennett, Dr Anthony Cole, Dr Kai Chan

10. Programme Steps STEP 5: Application to a Practical Problem in Nelson Bays • ‘Short-sharp’ application – only two or three months • Years 3-4 will focus more on applying the method to practical problems. • Any suggestions ?

11. Study Boundaries? • Tasman Bay and Golden Bay? Or just Tasman Bay? (By including Golden Bay to do capture any extra ecosystem services or processes? • How far out to sea?

12. Tasman Bay and Golden Bay?

13. Documentation • Detailed Methodology (7 pages) • Full Proposal – minus CVs (32 pages) Everyone should have a copy of these

14. The Research Team Massey University Murray Patterson (Science Leader) Research Fellow (to be appointed) Cawthorn Institute • Joanne Paul Gillespie or Chris Cornelisen to provide this overview.

15. Rationale for the ecosystem services approach • Makes ecological processes/functions visible • Can compare ecological values and economic values in same terms • We intend to shift thinking about coastal-marine management away from a fragmented concentration on single issues, single processes and single resources, to a more holistic appreciation of the whole-of-system ecosystem services values and processes

16. Example chapter Chapter 20: Nitrogen Cycling and Storage 20.1 Importance to Nelson Bays Ecology [1 page] 20.2 Describe and Quantify Nitrogen Processes [2 pages] 20.2.1 Flows 20.2.2 Sinks (Stocks?) 20.2.3 Box Diagram 20.3 Key indicators (from 20.1 and 20.2) [0.5 page] 20.4 Spatial dimension [1 page, more if more indicators] 20.5 Temporal dimension [1 page] 20.6 Forward Links to Regulation and Provision services [0.5 page] 20.7 Stressors (natural/human) on nitrogen processes [1 page] 20.8 Valuation [2 pages] 20.9 Policy Messages and Implications [1 page]