11 th Grade Version

1. 11th Grade Version

2. Teacher Planning- Every student needs a periodic table!! • Select Several Team Captains for each period (Select the best & brightest as they will be helping their team with answers) • Plan AHEAD for space – you will need running room for the kiddos (Desks out of way, in a hallway or outside) • Have Students number off so each team is approximately even in number. • Run off What Element Relay questions. Cut the questions, without the answers, apart and place all 14 questions in an envelope. (Each captain will need one envelope of questions) • Make a copy of the above questions and answer for the team captain to check answers. • Have groups line up on one side of the room or hallway. Captains will line up across the hall. (Can do this outside if the weather permits) • Ready, get set, go – team members will run one at a time to the captain and draw a question out of the bag. When they answer the question correctly they run back to their team line and touch the hand of the next player. The next player runs to the captain and selects a new question from the bag. (Used questions are placed in a sack on the floor) • The captain can give science clues to their team members to help them get the correct answer if they can’t get it on their own but they may not give the answer itself. (Pick your best and brightest for captains. • Continue the game until all teams have finished. Award 1st place, 2nd place and so on. Silly prizes work great. • * All team members will need to have a copy of the periodic table in their hand to refer to when answering the questions.

3. Teacher Planning • As you go through the powerpoint continually have students find the elements on the periodic table. Trace columns and rows with their fingers.(Point out the patterns) • Move about the room to insure everyone is on task. • TAKS Practice questions – really make sure students understand why the correct answer is correct (Use Periodic Tables) • Why are the incorrect answer wrong? How could you change the answer to make the incorrect answers correct?

4. SE I.7D • Relate the chemical behavior of an element including bonding to its placement on the periodictable.

5. Lose 1 No Rxn Gain 2 pH 1-----------7------------14 acid neutral base H+ OH- 2 1 NON-METALS METALS METALLOIDS NUMBER OF PROTONS (25) NEUTRALIZATION REACTION When you mix an acid and base, water and a salt are formed. H2SO4 + NaOH -> HOH + NaCl

6. Parts Of An Atom • Proton • Found in the nucleus of an atom. • Has an atomic mass of one. • Has a positive electrical charge. • Neutron • Found in the nucleus of an atom. • Has an atomic mass of one. • Has a neutral (no) electrical charge. • Electron • Found orbiting the nucleus • Is nearly mass less • Has a negative electrical charge

7. Atomic Mass on the Periodic Table 11 Na 22.99 11 is also the number of electrons! Atomic Number of Protons Symbol Atomic Mass or Protons + neutrons

8. How the Pieces Fit Together • Protons and Neutrons are found bound together at the center of the atom. This is called the nucleus. • We add the masses of protons and neutrons together to find the atom’s atomic mass • Example: Helium has 2 protons and 2 neutrons. Add these together and we get a total atomic mass of 4.

9. Electrons orbit and spin about in the space surrounding the nucleus. • The area the electrons occupy is called the Electron Cloud. • Electrons are nearly mass less, but they do have an electrical charge. • The negative charge of the Electron balances the positive charge of the Proton. • On average, the number of Electrons in an atom are equal to the number of Protons.

10. Location of Subatomic Particles 10-13 cm electrons protons neutrons 10-8 cm nucleus

11. A. Number of protons in carbon atoms B. Protons = electrons (6 e- in Carbon) C. Mass # (rounded) = protons + neutrons What does the periodic table tell us about elements? D. # of Neutrons (Mass # – protons)

12. Atomic Number The number of protons in an atom (also the number of electrons) 17 N 14.007

13. Mass Number The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom 17 N 14.007

14. Groups (Families) Elements in same column

15. Periods Do not have similar properties Elements in same row Increase by 1 proton as you move right-Atomic Number

16. Na Cl Sodium Chlorine SodiumChloride Bonding Atoms giving, taking or sharing valence electrons with other atoms

17. Valence Electrons Number of electrons inouter energy level These e- are used to determine oxidation numbers Fewer than 4 e-;give them awayto make atom stable (HAPPY) More than 4 e-;gain somefrom other atoms to become stable

18. 2 He 4.003 10 Ne 1.0079 18 Ar 39.948 Stable Atoms Atoms with an outer energy level that is FULL…it makes them HAPPY Known as the noble gases Which column are they in?

19. -3 Oxidation Number = Oxidation Number The charge of the atom AND The number of e- gained or lost Nitrogen gains 3 electrons (-) Nitrogen has a NEGATIVE charge

20. An oxidation number indicates the number of valence electrons gained or lost and the charge of the atom when it gains or loses electrons.Compare this number to the valence electrons. 8 1 0 1+ 5 3 4 6 7 2 4 +3 3- 2- 1- 2+ H He Be B C N O F

21. Chemical Formula HCl 1 hydrogen 1 chlorine CaF2 1 Calcium 2 fluorine Used to represent COMPOUNDS (two or more elements chemically combined) Shows HOW many atoms of each element are present

22. Subscript 3 Ca F 2 Number of a atoms in a molecule Small number written behind compound Sub = below (submarine)

23. + - Example: KBr (metal) (nonmetal) Bromine Potassium Potassium Bromide Naming Ionic Compounds 2. Write the name of the negative ion next Write the name of the positive ion first 3. Change the ending to “ide.”

24. Mg+2 Mg+2 Mg1 Cl-1 Cl-1 Cl2 Mg Cl2 Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds Find the oxidation number for each element Criss cross the oxidation numbers to become subscripts. The number 1 is understood (don’t write) Check for reduction

25. Mg+2 Mg+2 Mg2 O-2 O-2 O2 Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds Find the oxidation number for each element Criss cross the oxidation numbers to become subscripts. If the numbers are the same-cancel Mg O

26. WHAT ELEMENT??? You will need your periodic table to answer the following.

27. Practice Questions The picture shows a model of the element: A Fluorine B Helium C Beryllium D Oxygen

28. Practice Questions The picture shows a model of the element: A Scandium B Sodium C Beryllium D Lithium

29. Practice Questions The following element is most closely related to: A Argon B Hydrogen C Fluorine D Lithium

30. Practice Questions The bonding characteristics of oxygen are most similar to the bonding characteristics of: A Hydrogen B Silicon C Helium D Sulfur

31. Practice Questions In which model of the periodic table does the shaded area show the location of elements that require the least energy to lose one electron?

32. Practice Questions Elements found in which shaded area of this periodic table undergo the fewest chemical reactions: D C A B

33. Practice Questions Alpha particles are one type of radioactivity. These particles have a nucleus of two protons and two neutrons but no orbital electrons. Based on this information, it can be inferred that alpha particles are positive ions of the element: A Actinium B Curium C Radium D Helium

34. Practice Questions Calcium (Ca2+) + Chloride (Cl-) Calcium Chloride The chemical formula for calcium chloride is: A Ca2Cl B CaCl2 C CaCl D Ca2Cl3

35. Practice Questions The elements in which of these groups is most likely to react with potassium (K)? A Group 2 B Group 7 C Group 13 D Group 17

36. WHICH ELEMENT RELAY • Your Teacher has preselected 4 Captains • Students count off from 1 to 4 and go with their Captain – Everyone will need a periodic table in hand • Teacher Instruction will follow.