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Ecology and Animals

Ecology and Animals. What is it? How does it interact with its environment. Evolutionary Adaptations. Inherited Traits Increase likelihood for survival. Natural Selection. Leads to variations in species An edge over competitors Inherited traits that are passed to offspring

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Ecology and Animals

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  1. Ecology and Animals What is it? How does it interact with its environment

  2. Evolutionary Adaptations Inherited Traits Increase likelihood for survival

  3. Natural Selection Leads to variations in species An edge over competitors Inherited traits that are passed to offspring Peppered Moth (1900) Industrial Age Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria

  4. Animals

  5. Characteristics Eukaryotic- having a nucleus and organized organelles Multicellular Heterotrophic- the are consumers and eat others No cell walls- Why?

  6. Classifications Kingdom Phylum Class Order Group Species

  7. Animals Major Function • Obtain food and oxygen • Maintain homeostasis • Move • Reproduce

  8. Sponges • Phylum- Porifera • No symmetry • Flagella to capture food and circulate water within the sponge • Three distinct layer: • Outer layer for protection • Middle layer – skeletal support • Inner layer where digestion, transport of • materials take place, and oxygen exchange

  9. Cnidarians • Jellyfish, corals , and sea anemones • Use stinging cell to immobilize food • Body Types: • Polyp-vase shaped • Medusa-bowl shaped

  10. Cnidarians • Home (Coral) to more species of fish and invertebrates than any other environment. • The Portuguese Man-of-War are thousands of cnidarians working together in a colony.

  11. Worms • Three type of Worms: • 1. Segmented (Phylum-Annelid) • Flat (Phylum- Platyhelminthes) • Round (Phylum- Nematodes)

  12. Worms • Bilateral Symmetry- Two equal body halves • Simple nervous system sensitive to light, touch, and vibrations • Reproduction- • 1. Asexual makes an identical copy of itself without mating. • 2. Sexual-some species have both sex organs in an individual.

  13. Flatworms • Most are parasites and need a host. • Planarians are scavengers or free-living. • See Tapeworm life cycle page 29 • Can reach 30 feet in length!!!

  14. Roundworm • Live in all moist environments , even the arctic • Most abundant animal on Earth • Have an open digestive system (i,e Mouth and Anus)

  15. Segmented Worms • Like the roundworm, they have a one-way digestive system • Closed circulatory system (blood vessels) • Benefits? • Earthworms-improve soil quality: loosening soil, allows water and air to move through soil, fertilize the soil with droppings for the plants.

  16. Mollusks • Classifications: • Gastropods • Bivalves • Cephalopods

  17. Gastropods • Have an external shell • Some are herbivores, others are carnivores • Cone Shell • Consume using a radula (on tongue)

  18. Bivalves • Two shells held together with strong muscles • Filter feeders using cilia • How are pearls created?

  19. Cephalopods Predators whose foot muscle developed into tentacles with suckers Large beak to crush prey and razor sharp suctions Closed circulatory system Excellent vision Large Brain Use water jet propulsion

  20. Arthropods Four major groups: Crustaceans Arachnids Centipedes and Millipedes Insects

  21. Arthropods Characteristics • Invertebrates • Chitinous Exoskeleton (outside the body) • Jointed Appendages • Segmented body • Contains 75% of all animals on Earth Bombardier Beetle

  22. Crustaceans • Have 2 to 3 body segments • Five or more pairs of legs • 2 pair of antennae • Obtain oxygen through gills • Undergo metamorphosis (dramatic change) during life cycle.

  23. Arachnids • Includes: Spiders, Ticks, Scorpions, and Mites • Two body segments • Head and midsection combined • Hind section called the abdomen contains reproductive organs • Four pairs of legs

  24. Insects Life cycle pg 58-59 • Six legs • One pair of antennae • One or two pairs of wings • Specialized Proboscis (mouth parts) • Collecting nectar, chewing, pushing through animal skin • Three body segments: • Head • Thorax • Abdomen

  25. Insect Ecology • Consumers, Prey, and Decomposers • Vital to the food chain (10% Rule) • Insects can be beneficial or catastrophic • Controlling pest by pesticides or biological control (natural predators).

  26. Echinoderms • Invertebrates with an internal skeletal system (Endoskeleton) • Water vascular system for mobility (tube feet) • All live in salt water

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