1. Peer Support Quiz Session 2

2. What is a hernia?

3. What is a hernia? A protrusion of an organ or structure through an abnormal opening

4. What is the peritoneum?

5. What is the peritoneum? The serous membrane lining the abdominal and pelvic cavities

6. List four uses of health information

7. List four uses of health information • Epidemiological investigation • Evaluate current services • Plan future services • Health promotion/disease prevention

8. Describe simple diffusion

9. Describe simple diffusion Movement of a solute across a membrane by dissolving in the hydrophobic membrane core

10. What are the two parietal layers?

11. What are the two peritoneal layers and name the structures they cover? • Visceral peritoneum: abdominal organs • Parietal peritoneum: abdominal wall

12. Name the space between the two layers of peritoneum

13. Name the space between the two layers of peritoneum The peritoneal cavity

14. List five characteristics of membrane transporters

15. List five characteristics of membrane transporters • Transporters are integral membrane proteins • Transporters are channels or carriers • Transporters are specific (or selective) • Transporters are regulated • Transporters are passive or active

16. Give three types of gated transporters

17. Give three types of gated transporters • Voltage-gated • Ligand-gated • Mechanically-gated

18. What does the pneumonic CARTA stand for when assessing the quality of health information?

19. What does the pneumonic CARTA stand for when assessing the quality of health information? • C: completeness • A: accuracy • R: relevance/representativeness • T: timeliness • A: accessibility

20. What is the difference between intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal organs?

21. What is the difference between intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal organs? Intraperitoneal organs are completely almost completely covered by peritoneum and suspended by a mesentery whereas retroperitoneal organs are only partially covered by peritoneum

22. What are the functions of the peritoneum?

23. What are the functions of the peritoneum? • The facilitate movement between abdominal organs and between organs and the abdominal wall • To produce peritoneal fluid which contains leukocytes and antibodies

24. What is the difference between active and passive transport?

25. What is the difference between active and passive transport? Active transport uses metabolic energy whereas passive transport does not use metabolic energy

26. Is the GLUT transporter passive or active? Give its mechanism of action

27. Is the GLUT transporter passive or active? Give its mechanism of action Passive Glucose is transported down its concentration into the cell. In the cell glucose is converted to glucose-6-phosphate maintaining the concentration gradient

28. Give two types of diaphragmatic hernia

29. Give two types of diaphragmatic hernia • Traumatic • Congenital

30. What is demography?

31. What is demography? The study of the size, structure, dispersement, and development of human populations

32. What is the difference between a direct and an indirect hernia?

33. What is the difference between a direct and an indirect hernia? A direct hernia goes through Hasselbach’s triangle whereas an indirect hernia goes through the inguinal canal An INdirect hernia is IN the INguinal canal

34. What is the relationship of direct and indirect herniae to the inferior epigastric vessels?

35. What is the relationship of direct and indirect herniae to the inferior epigastric vessels? Direct herniae are found medial to the vessels whereas indirect herniae are found lateral to the vessels.

36. What are the three types of active transporters?

37. What are the three types of active transporters? • P-type: • V-type: • F-type:

38. Name the mesentery of the large intestine and of the small intestine

39. Name the mesentery of the large intestine and of the small intestine • Large intestine: mesocolon • Small intestine: THE mesentery

40. Describe the innervation of the parietal and visceral peritoneum

41. Describe the innervation of the parietal and visceral peritoneum Parietal peritoneum has the same innervation as the overlying abdominal wall and is sensitive to pain. Visceral peritoneum has the same innervation as the part of the gut is covers and so pain is poorly localized

42. What are the two types of co-transport and give an example of each?

43. What are the two types of co-transport and give an example of each? • Symporters: • Na+:glucose (drives the uptake of glucose by intestinal cells) • Na+:AA • Na+:Cl- • Na+:HCO3- • Antiporters: • Na+:H+ (regulates intracellular pH) • Na+:Ca2+ (maintains low intracellular Ca2+) • Na+&HCO3-:H+&Cl- (Na+-dependent Cl-:HCO3-antiporter)

44. What type of groin hernia is more common in women?

45. What type of groin hernia is more common in women? Femoral hernia Femoral hernia are found below the inguinal ligament

46. What are the three measures of fertility?

47. What are the three measures of fertility? • Crude birth rate • Live births/1000 population • General fertility rate • Live births/1000 women aged 15-44yrs • Total fertility rate • Average number of live children that a group of woman would have if they experienced the age-specific fertility rates of the calendar year in question throughout their child-bearing lifespan Crude birth rate – Includes males, children and post-menopausal women in denominator General fertility rate –Doesn’t take account of variation of fertility with age. Total fertility rate – Takes account the differing fertility rates within age groups

48. What is the processus vaginalis?

49. What is the processus vaginalis? An embryonic out pouching of the peritoneum that precedes the testes during descent

50. What is the tunica vaginalis?