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European Religions

Explore the three major religions in Europe - Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. Learn about their beliefs, holy books, houses of worship, founders, and their presence in Europe.

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European Religions

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  1. European Religions • Three major religions in Europe • Christianity, Judaism, and Islam • All 3 are monotheistic

  2. Judaism… Major Beliefs • In one true god, God that is all-knowing, all-powerful, and present everywhere • They are God’s “chosen people” • God will send a Messiah, or savior to save them • Sometimes called the “children of Israel” in the Bible

  3. Judaism… Holy books • Torah or Pentateuch the Five Books of Moses (what Christians call the Old Testament) • Within the Torah, God gave the Jewish people through Moses the Ten Commandments (The laws of God)

  4. Judaism… Houses of Worship • Jewish people worship in a synagogue (means meeting place) • Prayer is lead by a rabbi, or teacher • The Sabbath for Jews begins at sundown on Friday night

  5. Jewish people living in Europe in 2005 Top countries in 2002: France UK Russia Ukraine Germany Belarus Belgium Hungary Spain

  6. Judaism… Founder • Founder of Judaism is Abraham • Lived in what is now known as Iraq • According to Jewish belief, God told Abraham to leave his homeland and mover where God told him. He would also make Abraham the father of a great nation • Abraham then traveled to what is now known as Israel

  7. Islam… Major Beliefs • One god, Allah • Muhammad is the Islamic prophet • A person who practices Islam is a Muslim • Five Pillars of Islam • Profession of faith (there is only one god, Allah) • Prayers (5 times at certain times towards Mecca) • Giving of alms (charitable giving) • Fasting (during Ramadan) • Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca)

  8. Islam… Holy Books • Koran or Quaran • However, view Torah and New Testament as holy books too

  9. Islam… Houses of Worship • Mosque • Friday is the Sabbath day • Religious leaders- imams

  10. Islam… Founder • Muhammad- the last and greatest prophet • Also view Abraham, Moses, and Jesus as great teachers BUT Muhammad is the greatest (closest to perfection)! • Received revelations from Allah through an angel, Gabriel the arch-angel • Put the revelations in the Koran

  11. Islam… Location(s) in Europe • Russia • The Balkans (close to the “Middle East”) •  Albania •  Bosnia and Herzegovina •  Bulgaria •  Greece • Kosovo (disputed independence) •  Macedonia •  Montenegro • Croatia •  Serbia •  Slovenia •  Romania •  Turkey

  12. Christianity…Major Beliefs • Second oldest religion • Only one god, God sent his son, Jesus who Christians call Messiah or Christ • Only way to get to heaven is through Jesus • Christians and Jews share many of the same beliefs • Early Christians were Jews, as was Jesus

  13. Christianity…Holy Days • Easter- celebrates the resurrection of Jesus (celebrated about the same time as the Jewish Passover) • Christmas- celebrates the birth of Jesus • Sabbath day is Sunday

  14. Christianity… Holy books • The Bible- both the Old and New Testament • New Testament- are the teachings of Jesus and his followers, the Disciples

  15. Christianity… Houses of worship • Place of worship is called a church • Person who leads the congregation is called a pastor, priest, or minister

  16. Christianity… Founder • Jesus is the true founder • Paul of Tarsus– transformed the faith from a branch of Judaism into a full-fledged religion • Helped spread Christianity throughout the Roman Empire

  17. Christianity… primary locations in Europe • Largest religion in Europe • Mainly divided into 3 different sects: • Roman Catholic or Catholic • Eastern Orthodox • Protestant

  18. Catholicism • Largest branch of Christianity • The Pope is Christ’s representative on Earth • Center of the Catholic church is in Rome and it is called the Vatican

  19. Eastern Orthodox • Officially split from Roman Catholicism in the 11th century • Found mostly in Greece, Eastern Europe, and Russia • Do not follow the Pope or his “rules” but have their own leaders called Patriarchs

  20. Protestant • Began in the 16th century with Martin Luther nailing his 99 theses on the door of the Catholic church (he was a Catholic monk) • Many churches are included in this group: Baptist, Lutherans, Presbyterians, Methodists, Pentecostals, Quakers, Calvinists, and others • Do not follow the Pope’s leadership or a patriarch

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